Improve typcache: cache negative lookup results, add invalidation logic.

Previously, if the typcache had for example tried and failed to find a hash
opclass for a given data type, it would nonetheless repeat the unsuccessful
catalog lookup each time it was asked again.  This can lead to a
significant amount of useless bufmgr traffic, as in a recent report from
Scott Marlowe.  Like the catalog caches, typcache should be able to cache
negative results.  This patch arranges that by making use of separate flag
bits to remember whether a particular item has been looked up, rather than
treating a zero OID as an indicator that no lookup has been done.

Also, install a credible invalidation mechanism, namely watching for inval
events in pg_opclass.  The sole advantage of the lack of negative caching
was that the code would cope if operators or opclasses got added for a type
mid-session; to preserve that behavior we have to be able to invalidate
stale lookup results.  Updates in pg_opclass should be pretty rare in
production systems, so it seems sufficient to just invalidate all the
dependent data whenever one happens.

Adding proper invalidation also means that this code will now react sanely
if an opclass is dropped mid-session.  Arguably, that's a back-patchable
bug fix, but in view of the lack of complaints from the field I'll refrain
from back-patching.  (Probably, in most cases where an opclass is dropped,
the data type itself is dropped soon after, so that this misfeasance has
no bad consequences.)

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 8c6c7fcd22a050f2851f61a8e32c146875ff535d..29aec3cf743c9fdc131484a0faf262e9ebbf3341 100644 (file)
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -17,20 +17,16 @@
  * is kept in the type cache.
  *
  * Once created, a type cache entry lives as long as the backend does, so
- * there is no need for a call to release a cache entry.  (For present uses,
+ * there is no need for a call to release a cache entry.  If the type is
+ * dropped, the cache entry simply becomes wasted storage.  (For present uses,
  * it would be okay to flush type cache entries at the ends of transactions,
  * if we needed to reclaim space.)
  *
- * There is presently no provision for clearing out a cache entry if the
- * stored data becomes obsolete.  (The code will work if a type acquires
- * opclasses it didn't have before while a backend runs --- but not if the
- * definition of an existing opclass is altered.)  However, the relcache
- * doesn't cope with opclasses changing under it, either, so this seems
- * a low-priority problem.
- *
- * We do support clearing the tuple descriptor and operator/function parts
- * of a rowtype's cache entry, since those may need to change as a consequence
- * of ALTER TABLE.
+ * We have some provisions for updating cache entries if the stored data
+ * becomes obsolete.  Information dependent on opclasses is cleared if we
+ * detect updates to pg_opclass.  We also support clearing the tuple
+ * descriptor and operator/function parts of a rowtype's cache entry,
+ * since those may need to change as a consequence of ALTER TABLE.
  *
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2014, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
@@ -70,13 +66,20 @@
 static HTAB *TypeCacheHash = NULL;
 
 /* Private flag bits in the TypeCacheEntry.flags field */
-#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_ELEM_PROPERTIES        0x0001
-#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_EQUALITY         0x0002
-#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_COMPARE          0x0004
-#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_HASHING          0x0008
-#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_FIELD_PROPERTIES   0x0010
-#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_FIELD_EQUALITY            0x0020
-#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_FIELD_COMPARE         0x0040
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_BTREE_OPCLASS      0x0001
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_OPCLASS       0x0002
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_EQ_OPR             0x0004
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_LT_OPR             0x0008
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_GT_OPR             0x0010
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_CMP_PROC           0x0020
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_PROC          0x0040
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_ELEM_PROPERTIES        0x0080
+#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_EQUALITY         0x0100
+#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_COMPARE          0x0200
+#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_ELEM_HASHING          0x0400
+#define TCFLAGS_CHECKED_FIELD_PROPERTIES   0x0800
+#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_FIELD_EQUALITY            0x1000
+#define TCFLAGS_HAVE_FIELD_COMPARE         0x2000
 
 /* Private information to support comparisons of enum values */
 typedef struct
@@ -132,6 +135,7 @@ static bool record_fields_have_equality(TypeCacheEntry *typentry);
 static bool record_fields_have_compare(TypeCacheEntry *typentry);
 static void cache_record_field_properties(TypeCacheEntry *typentry);
 static void TypeCacheRelCallback(Datum arg, Oid relid);
+static void TypeCacheOpcCallback(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue);
 static void load_enum_cache_data(TypeCacheEntry *tcache);
 static EnumItem *find_enumitem(TypeCacheEnumData *enumdata, Oid arg);
 static int enum_oid_cmp(const void *left, const void *right);
@@ -166,8 +170,9 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
        TypeCacheHash = hash_create("Type information cache", 64,
                                    &ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
 
-       /* Also set up a callback for relcache SI invalidations */
+       /* Also set up callbacks for SI invalidations */
        CacheRegisterRelcacheCallback(TypeCacheRelCallback, (Datum) 0);
+       CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(CLAOID, TypeCacheOpcCallback, (Datum) 0);
 
        /* Also make sure CacheMemoryContext exists */
        if (!CacheMemoryContext)
@@ -217,13 +222,14 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
    }
 
    /*
-    * If we haven't already found the opclasses, try to do so
+    * Look up opclasses if we haven't already and any dependent info is
+    * requested.
     */
    if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR | TYPECACHE_LT_OPR | TYPECACHE_GT_OPR |
                  TYPECACHE_CMP_PROC |
                  TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR_FINFO | TYPECACHE_CMP_PROC_FINFO |
                  TYPECACHE_BTREE_OPFAMILY)) &&
-       typentry->btree_opf == InvalidOid)
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_BTREE_OPCLASS))
    {
        Oid         opclass;
 
@@ -233,38 +239,36 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
            typentry->btree_opf = get_opclass_family(opclass);
            typentry->btree_opintype = get_opclass_input_type(opclass);
        }
-       /* If no btree opclass, we force lookup of the hash opclass */
-       if (typentry->btree_opf == InvalidOid)
-       {
-           if (typentry->hash_opf == InvalidOid)
-           {
-               opclass = GetDefaultOpClass(type_id, HASH_AM_OID);
-               if (OidIsValid(opclass))
-               {
-                   typentry->hash_opf = get_opclass_family(opclass);
-                   typentry->hash_opintype = get_opclass_input_type(opclass);
-               }
-           }
-       }
        else
        {
-           /*
-            * In case we find a btree opclass where previously we only found
-            * a hash opclass, reset eq_opr and derived information so that we
-            * can fetch the btree equality operator instead of the hash
-            * equality operator.  (They're probably the same operator, but we
-            * don't assume that here.)
-            */
-           typentry->eq_opr = InvalidOid;
-           typentry->eq_opr_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
-           typentry->hash_proc = InvalidOid;
-           typentry->hash_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+           typentry->btree_opf = typentry->btree_opintype = InvalidOid;
        }
+
+       /*
+        * Reset information derived from btree opclass.  Note in particular
+        * that we'll redetermine the eq_opr even if we previously found one;
+        * this matters in case a btree opclass has been added to a type that
+        * previously had only a hash opclass.
+        */
+       typentry->flags &= ~(TCFLAGS_CHECKED_EQ_OPR |
+                            TCFLAGS_CHECKED_LT_OPR |
+                            TCFLAGS_CHECKED_GT_OPR |
+                            TCFLAGS_CHECKED_CMP_PROC);
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_BTREE_OPCLASS;
    }
 
+   /*
+    * If we need to look up equality operator, and there's no btree opclass,
+    * force lookup of hash opclass.
+    */
+   if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR | TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR_FINFO)) &&
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_EQ_OPR) &&
+       typentry->btree_opf == InvalidOid)
+       flags |= TYPECACHE_HASH_OPFAMILY;
+
    if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_HASH_PROC | TYPECACHE_HASH_PROC_FINFO |
                  TYPECACHE_HASH_OPFAMILY)) &&
-       typentry->hash_opf == InvalidOid)
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_OPCLASS))
    {
        Oid         opclass;
 
@@ -274,11 +278,25 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
            typentry->hash_opf = get_opclass_family(opclass);
            typentry->hash_opintype = get_opclass_input_type(opclass);
        }
+       else
+       {
+           typentry->hash_opf = typentry->hash_opintype = InvalidOid;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Reset information derived from hash opclass.  We do *not* reset the
+        * eq_opr; if we already found one from the btree opclass, that
+        * decision is still good.
+        */
+       typentry->flags &= ~(TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_PROC);
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_OPCLASS;
    }
 
-   /* Look for requested operators and functions */
+   /*
+    * Look for requested operators and functions, if we haven't already.
+    */
    if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR | TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR_FINFO)) &&
-       typentry->eq_opr == InvalidOid)
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_EQ_OPR))
    {
        Oid         eq_opr = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -307,6 +325,10 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
                 !record_fields_have_equality(typentry))
            eq_opr = InvalidOid;
 
+       /* Force update of eq_opr_finfo only if we're changing state */
+       if (typentry->eq_opr != eq_opr)
+           typentry->eq_opr_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+
        typentry->eq_opr = eq_opr;
 
        /*
@@ -314,10 +336,11 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
         * equality operator.  This is so we can ensure that the hash function
         * matches the operator.
         */
-       typentry->hash_proc = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->hash_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+       typentry->flags &= ~(TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_PROC);
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_EQ_OPR;
    }
-   if ((flags & TYPECACHE_LT_OPR) && typentry->lt_opr == InvalidOid)
+   if ((flags & TYPECACHE_LT_OPR) &&
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_LT_OPR))
    {
        Oid         lt_opr = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -336,8 +359,10 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
            lt_opr = InvalidOid;
 
        typentry->lt_opr = lt_opr;
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_LT_OPR;
    }
-   if ((flags & TYPECACHE_GT_OPR) && typentry->gt_opr == InvalidOid)
+   if ((flags & TYPECACHE_GT_OPR) &&
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_GT_OPR))
    {
        Oid         gt_opr = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -356,9 +381,10 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
            gt_opr = InvalidOid;
 
        typentry->gt_opr = gt_opr;
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_GT_OPR;
    }
    if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_CMP_PROC | TYPECACHE_CMP_PROC_FINFO)) &&
-       typentry->cmp_proc == InvalidOid)
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_CMP_PROC))
    {
        Oid         cmp_proc = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -376,10 +402,15 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
                 !record_fields_have_compare(typentry))
            cmp_proc = InvalidOid;
 
+       /* Force update of cmp_proc_finfo only if we're changing state */
+       if (typentry->cmp_proc != cmp_proc)
+           typentry->cmp_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+
        typentry->cmp_proc = cmp_proc;
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_CMP_PROC;
    }
    if ((flags & (TYPECACHE_HASH_PROC | TYPECACHE_HASH_PROC_FINFO)) &&
-       typentry->hash_proc == InvalidOid)
+       !(typentry->flags & TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_PROC))
    {
        Oid         hash_proc = InvalidOid;
 
@@ -407,7 +438,12 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
            !array_element_has_hashing(typentry))
            hash_proc = InvalidOid;
 
+       /* Force update of hash_proc_finfo only if we're changing state */
+       if (typentry->hash_proc != hash_proc)
+           typentry->hash_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+
        typentry->hash_proc = hash_proc;
+       typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_CHECKED_HASH_PROC;
    }
 
    /*
@@ -416,6 +452,11 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
     * Note: we tell fmgr the finfo structures live in CacheMemoryContext,
     * which is not quite right (they're really in the hash table's private
     * memory context) but this will do for our purposes.
+    *
+    * Note: the code above avoids invalidating the finfo structs unless the
+    * referenced operator/function OID actually changes.  This is to prevent
+    * unnecessary leakage of any subsidiary data attached to an finfo, since
+    * that would cause session-lifespan memory leaks.
     */
    if ((flags & TYPECACHE_EQ_OPR_FINFO) &&
        typentry->eq_opr_finfo.fn_oid == InvalidOid &&
@@ -928,15 +969,38 @@ TypeCacheRelCallback(Datum arg, Oid relid)
            typentry->tupDesc = NULL;
        }
 
-       /* Reset equality/comparison/hashing information */
-       typentry->eq_opr = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->lt_opr = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->gt_opr = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->cmp_proc = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->hash_proc = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->eq_opr_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->cmp_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
-       typentry->hash_proc_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
+       /* Reset equality/comparison/hashing validity information */
+       typentry->flags = 0;
+   }
+}
+
+/*
+ * TypeCacheOpcCallback
+ *     Syscache inval callback function
+ *
+ * This is called when a syscache invalidation event occurs for any pg_opclass
+ * row.  In principle we could probably just invalidate data dependent on the
+ * particular opclass, but since updates on pg_opclass are rare in production
+ * it doesn't seem worth a lot of complication: we just mark all cached data
+ * invalid.
+ *
+ * Note that we don't bother watching for updates on pg_amop or pg_amproc.
+ * This should be safe because ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ADD/DROP OPERATOR/FUNCTION
+ * is not allowed to be used to add/drop the primary operators and functions
+ * of an opclass, only cross-type members of a family; and the latter sorts
+ * of members are not going to get cached here.
+ */
+static void
+TypeCacheOpcCallback(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue)
+{
+   HASH_SEQ_STATUS status;
+   TypeCacheEntry *typentry;
+
+   /* TypeCacheHash must exist, else this callback wouldn't be registered */
+   hash_seq_init(&status, TypeCacheHash);
+   while ((typentry = (TypeCacheEntry *) hash_seq_search(&status)) != NULL)
+   {
+       /* Reset equality/comparison/hashing validity information */
        typentry->flags = 0;
    }
 }