PL/SQL Operators Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report The PL/SQL language offers various operators for data manipulation and logical processing. There are several types of these operators which include arithmetic operators, relational operators, comparison operators, and logical operators. In this guide, we will learn about the various PL/SQL operators with the help of examples and so on.PL/SQL OperatorsPL/SQL operators are used to operate on variables, constants, or expressions in PL/SQL blocks. They enable us to process data through arithmetic, relational or logical operations that is calculations, comparisons, or logical decisions. Operators are essential in PL/SQL for performing calculations and making decisions, from simple arithmetic to complex logic.Types of PL/SQL OperatorsPL/SQL offers several types of operators, each serving a unique purpose:1. Arithmetic OperatorsArithmetic operators in PL/SQL are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.OperatorDescriptionExample+Addition10+5-Subtraction10-5*Multiplication10*5/Division10/5MODModulus1MOD(10,3)Example:DECLARE num1 NUMBER := 20; num2 NUMBER := 4; result NUMBER; BEGIN result := num1 + num2; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Addition Result: ' || result); result := num1 - num2; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Subtraction Result: ' || result); result := num1 * num2; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Multiplication Result: ' || result); result := num1 / num2; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Division Result: ' || result); result := MOD(num1, num2); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Modulus Result: ' || result); END;2. Relational OperatorsComparison operators compare two values and return a Boolean result (TRUE, FALSE, or NULL). These operators are commonly used in conditional statements such as IF and LOOP.OperatorDescriptionExample=Equal tox=y!= or <>Not Equal tox!=y or x<>y>Greater thanx>y<Less thanx<y>=Greater than or equal tox>=y<=Less than or equal tox<=yExample:DECLARE age1 NUMBER := 25; age2 NUMBER := 30; BEGIN IF age1 <> age2 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Ages are not equal.'); END IF; IF age1 < age2 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Age1 is less than Age2.'); END IF; END;3. Logical OperatorsLogical operators are used to combine or negate conditions, and they evaluate to a Boolean value. These operators are often used in IF, CASE, and LOOP statements.OperatorDescriptionExamplesANDReturns TRUE if both conditions are TRUEx > 5 AND y < 10ORReturns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUEx > 5 OR y < 10NOTNegates a conditionNOT (x > 5)Example:DECLARE score1 NUMBER := 80; score2 NUMBER := 70; BEGIN IF score1 >= 75 AND score2 >= 75 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Both scores are above average.'); ELSIF score1 >= 75 OR score2 >= 75 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('At least one score is above average.'); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Both scores are below average.'); END IF; END;4. Comparison OperatorsThese operators are used to compare values and return TRUE or FALSE based on the condition.OperatorDescriptionExamplesBETWEENChecks if a value is within a rangex BETWEEN 10 AND 20LIKEMatches a value against a patternname LIKE 'A%' (names starting with 'A')INChecks if a value exists in a listx IN (1, 2, 3)IS NULLChecks if a value is NULLx IS NULLExample:DECLARE student_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'Alice'; student_age NUMBER := 19;BEGIN IF student_name LIKE 'A%' THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student name starts with "A".'); END IF; IF student_age BETWEEN 18 AND 22 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student is in college age range.'); END IF;END;Conclusion PL/SQL operators are powerful tools for building conditions, performing calculations, and manipulating data effectively. Handling arithmetic operations, logical decisions, or complex comparisons, understanding these operators is essential for efficient PL/SQL programming. Mastery of these operators can significantly improve the robustness and flexibility of your database applications. Comment More infoAdvertise with us M muditgu1tud Follow Improve Article Tags : Databases PL/SQL Similar Reads PL/SQL Tutorial Explore this PL/SQL tutorial to effortlessly learn PL/SQL â It is perfect for beginners and experienced ones. Whether you're new to it or diving deep, this interactive guide simplifies database programming.Learn hands-on with practical examples, making your journey fun and effective. Learn PL/SQL's 8 min read PL/SQL FundamentalsPL/SQL IntroductionPL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is Oracleâs extension of SQL that adds procedural features like loops, conditions, and error handling. It allows developers to write powerful programs that combine SQL queries with logic to control how data is processed. With PL/SQL, complex operations, calculations, 6 min read PL/SQL ArchitecturePrerequisite : PL/SQL Introduction What do you mean by PL/SQL? 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It is an essential part of database management and enables the users to efficiently manage and maintain the data integrity by selectively 6 min read PL/SQL WHERE ClauseThe WHERE clause in PL/SQL is essential for filtering records based on specified conditions. It is used in SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements to limit the rows affected or retrieved, allowing precise control over data manipulation and retrieval.In this article, We will learn about the WHERE Claus 3 min read PL/SQL ORDER BY ClauseIn PL/SQL, the ORDER BY clause is a vital tool that allows for the sorting of query results by one or more columns, either in ascending or descending order. In this article, We will learn about ORDER BY clause in PL/SQL, its syntax, functionality, and practical usage through examples.Understanding O 7 min read PL/SQL GROUP BY ClauseThe GROUP BY clause in PL/SQL is a powerful tool used to organize data into aggregated groups based on one or more columns. It is essential for performing summary operations on large datasets, enabling efficient data analysis by grouping rows that share common values.In this article, We will learn a 7 min read PL/SQL OperatorsPLSQL : || OperatorThe string in PL/SQL is actually a sequence of characters with an optional size specification. The characters could be numeric, letters, blank, special characters or a combination of all. The || Operator in PLSQL is used to concatenate 2 or more strings together. The result of concatenating two char 2 min read PL/SQL AND OperatorThe PL/SQL AND operator is used to combine multiple conditions in a WHERE clause of an SQL query. It allows you to refine your query by ensuring that all specified conditions are met. AND queries which help in filtering data more precisely and can be crucial for retrieving accurate results from a da 7 min read PL/SQL LIKE OperatorThe PL/SQL LIKE operator is a powerful tool used in SQL queries to search for patterns in character data. It allows you to match strings based on specific patterns defined by wildcards. This operator is commonly used in SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements to filter records based on partial or comp 6 min read PL/SQL NOT OperatorPL/SQL, an extension of SQL in Oracle, offers various operators that allow us to perform logical operations on data. One such operator is the NOT operator, which is used to negate a condition, meaning it will return true if the condition is false and vice versa.The NOT operator is commonly used in c 6 min read PL/SQL IS NULL OperatorThe IS NULL operator is a fundamental tool in PL/SQL used to determine the presence of NULL values in database columns. 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They are similar to procedures but must always return a value. A function in PL/SQL contains:Function Header: The function header includes the function name and an optional parameter list. It is the first part o 4 min read PL/SQL TriggersPL/SQL stands for Procedural Language/ Structured Query Language. It has block structure programming features.PL/SQL supports SQL queries. It also supports the declaration of the variables, control statements, Functions, Records, Cursor, Procedure, and Triggers.PL/SQL contains a declaration section, 6 min read PL/SQL Data Structures & Error HandlingIndex in PL/SQLPL/SQL, Oracle's extension to SQL, combines SQL with procedural programming features like loops, conditionals, and exception handling. It enables developers to create stored procedures, functions, triggers, and other database applications. As a block-structured language, PL/SQL allows seamless integ 5 min read Exception Handling in PL/SQLAn exception is an error which disrupts the normal flow of program instructions. PL/SQL provides us the exception block which raises the exception thus helping the programmer to find out the fault and resolve it. There are two types of exceptions defined in PL/SQL User defined exception. System defi 7 min read PL/SQL RecordsPL/SQL stands for Procedural Language/Structured Query Language. It is an extension of the Structured Query Language (SQL). A core feature of PL/SQL is its ability to work with complex data types, including PL/SQL records. PL/SQL records enable developers to group related data elements, creating a s 10 min read Cursors in PL/SQLA Cursor in PL/SQL is a pointer to a context area that stores the result set of a query. PL/SQL CursorsThe cursor is used to retrieve data one row at a time from the results set, unlike other SQL commands that operate on all rows at once. Cursors update table records in a singleton or row-by-row man 3 min read Like