Python Fundamentals
STANDARD DATA TYPES
Python Standard Data Types
• Data Type define the type of data stored in the Memory.
• Python has standard data types :
1. Numbers
2. Strings
3. List
4. Tuple
5. Dictionary
6. Set
Python Fundamentals
NUMBERS
Python Numbers Overview
• Number data types store numeric values.
• It is created when we assign a value to them.
• Using del, we can remove the reference to a variable
A = 10
B = 20
print(A)
del A,B
print(A)
Python Numerical Types
• Python supports three numerical types
1. int (signed integers)
2. float (floating point real values)
3. complex (complex numbers)
Int_eg = 100
float_eg = 3.14
comp_eg = 3.14j
Python Fundamentals
STRINGS
Strings
• A string is a series of characters.
• Anything inside quotes is considered a string in Python
• We can use single or double quotes around your strings like this
"A sample string."
'Another sample string.'
'I informed him that, "Python is very easy" '
Python Fundamentals
LISTS
LISTS
• Collection of data which are normally related Instead of storing these as
separate variables
• Lists are one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections
of data, the other 3 are Tuple, Dictionary and Set
• Each of them is different in its qualities and usage.
• Example of a list:
studentsAge = [18, 21, 23, 20, 21]
print(studentsAge)
print(studentsAge[0])
LISTS - append() and del
studentsAge = []
studentsAge.append(20)
studentsAge.append("hi")
Print(studentsAge)
del studentsAge[1]
Print(studentsAge)
# All list access formats can be used for del too.
Python Fundamentals
TUPLES
Tuples
• Tuples are like lists, but unlike lists, we cannot modify their initial values.
• Eg: to store the names of the months of the year.
• we use round brackets ( ) when declaring a tuple.
months = ("Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May",
"Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec")
print(months[0])
print(months[-1])
months[0] = "test"
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Tuples – del(), in , and len()
myTuple = ('hello', 'world', 2022)
• Len() – number of items in tuple
print (len(myTuple))
• In – Checks if an item is in the tuple
print('world' in myTuple)
• Del() – Delete the entire tuple
del myTuple
print(myTuple)
Tuples – addition + and multiplication *
myTuple = ('hello', 'world', 2022)
• Addition Operator: + Concatenate Tuples
(+ and * will not alter the original tuple)
print (myTuple + ('how', 'are', 'you'))
• Multiplication Operator: * Duplicate a tuple and concatenate it
print(myTuple*3)
Python Fundamentals
DICTIONARY
Dictionary
• Dictionary is a collection of related data PAIRS.
• dictionaryName = {dictionarykey : data}
• (dictionary keys must be unique in one dictionary)
• For example, if we want to store the name and age of students
myStudents = {"Abhi":30, "Sibi":28, "Subi":"not updated"}
• Or you can also declare using dict() method
• use round brackets ( ) instead of curly brackets { } no quotes for dictionary keys.
myStudents = dict(Abhi=30, Sibi=28, Subi="not updated“)
print(myStudents["Abhi"])
myStudents["Subi"] = 25
myStudents["Bibi"] = 22
print(myStudents)
Dictionary – get(), items(), keys(), values()
myStudents = {"Abhi":30, "Sibi":28, "Subi":"not updated"}
• Get() : Returns value of given key
print(myStudents.get("Abhi")
• Items() : Returns a list of dictionary's pairs as tuples
print(myStudents.items()
Output: dict_items([('Abhi', 30), ('Sibi', 28), ('Subi', 'not updated')])
• keys() : Returns a list of dictionary's keys
myStudents.keys()
Output: dict_keys(['Abhi', 'Sibi', 'Subi'])
• values() : Returns a list of dictionary's values
myStudents.values()
Output: dict_values([30, 28, 'not updated'])
Dictionary – in, len(), update()
myStudents = {"Abhi":30, "Sibi":28, "Subi":"not updated"}
• In : Check if an item is in a dictionary
"Abhi" in myStudents
28 in myStudents.values()
• len( ) : Find the number of items in a dictionary
Print(len(myStudents))
• Update(): Adds one dictionary's key-values pairs to another. Duplicates are removed.
day1 = {1: 'monday', 2: 'tuesday'}
day2 = {1: 'wednesday', 3: 'thursday'}
day1.update(day2)
print (day1)
{1: 'wednesday', 2: 'tuesday', 3: 'thursday'}
Dictionary – clear(), del
myStudents = {"Abhi":30, "Sibi":28, "Subi":"not updated"}
• Clear() : Deletes all items in dictionary
myStudents.clear()
print(myStudents)
• del: Deletes the entire dictionary
del myStudents
print(myStudents)
Python Fundamentals
Python Set
Python Set – Creation
• set is the collection of the unordered items.
• Each element in the set must be unique.
• There is no index to the elements of the set so we cannot access them directly with index
• We can create set using {} or using set() method
months = {"January", "February", "March", "April"}
print(months)
print(type(months))
print("the set elements are:")
for i in months:
print(i)
Python Set – Creation
• Creating set using set() method
months = set(["January","February","March","April","April"])
print(months) #duplicate elements will be discarded
print(type(months))
print("the set elements are:")
for i in months:
print(i)
Python Set – Empty set Creation
• Creating empty set using set() method
# Empty curly braces will actually create a dictionary
days = {}
print(type(days))
# Empty set using set() function
days = set()
print(type(days))
