Java Programming Notes
Introduction to Java
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language. It is platform-independent due to the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Java is widely used for web development, mobile applications, and
enterprise solutions.
Variables and Data Types
Variables are used to store data, and Java supports various data types:
- int: Integer values (e.g., 1, 42)
- double: Decimal values (e.g., 3.14, 2.71)
- char: Single characters (e.g., 'A', 'z')
- String: Sequence of characters (e.g., 'hello')
- boolean: True or false values
Control Structures
Control structures control the flow of a program:
- if-else statements for decision-making
- for, while, and do-while loops for iteration
Object-Oriented Programming
Java follows OOP principles:
- Classes and Objects: Define and instantiate objects
- Inheritance: Reuse code by inheriting from existing classes
- Polymorphism: Use methods in multiple ways
- Encapsulation: Restrict access to data using access modifiers (public, private, etc.)
Methods
Methods are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. Defined using:
public returnType methodName(parameters) {
// Method body
Exception Handling
Handle runtime errors using try-catch blocks:
try {
int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println('Cannot divide by zero');
File Handling
Java provides classes like File, FileReader, and FileWriter for file operations:
File file = new File('file.txt');
FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
Multithreading
Java supports multithreading for concurrent programming. Use the Thread class or implement the
Runnable interface.
Popular Libraries and Frameworks
Java has many libraries and frameworks for different applications:
- Spring, Hibernate: Web and enterprise applications
- Apache POI: Working with MS Office files
- JUnit: Unit testing
Java Development Tools
Popular tools for Java development:
- Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, NetBeans
- Build Tools: Maven, Gradle
