Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language widely used for developing
software, web applications, data analysis, machine learning, and more. It is beginner-friendly
because of its simple and readable syntax.
Key Features of Python:
1. Easy to Learn: Simple syntax similar to English.
2. Interpreted Language: Executes code line by line, making debugging easy.
3. Versatile: Can be used for web development, data science, AI, etc.
4. Cross-platform: Runs on Windows, Mac, Linux, etc.
5. Open Source: Free to use and distribute.
Operators in Python
Python has several types of operators used to perform operations on variables and values:
1. Arithmetic Operators
Perform mathematical operations.
Examples:
o + (Addition): a + b
o - (Subtraction): a - b
o * (Multiplication): a * b
o / (Division): a / b
o % (Modulus): a % b
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators
Compare two values.
Examples:
o == (Equal to): a == b
o != (Not equal to): a != b
o > (Greater than): a > b
o < (Less than): a < b
o =< or >=
3. Logical Operators
Combine multiple conditions.
Examples:
o and: Returns True if both conditions are true.
o or: Returns True if at least one condition is true.
o not: Reverses the boolean value.
4. Assignment Operators
Assign values to variables.
Examples:
o =: a = 5
o +=: a += 5 (Same as a = a + 5)
o *=: a *= 5
o 5+5=10
o a=10
5. Bitwise Operators
Perform operations at the bit level.
Examples:
o & (AND), | (OR), ^ (XOR).
6. Membership Operators
Test if a value is in a sequence.
Examples:
o in: 6 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] → True
o not in: 6 not in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] → True
7. Identity Operators
Compare the memory location of objects.
Examples:
o is: a is b
o is not: a is not b
Python Tools and Libraries
1. Tools for Writing Python Code
IDLE: Built-in Python IDE.
PyCharm: A powerful IDE for Python.
Jupyter Notebook: Popular for data science and machine learning.
VS Code: Lightweight editor with Python extensions.
2. Common Python Libraries
NumPy: For numerical calculations.
Pandas: For data manipulation and analysis.
Matplotlib: For creating graphs and charts.
TensorFlow: For machine learning.
Simple Python Example
python
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# Arithmetic Operators Example
a = 10
b=5
print("Addition:", a + b); # Output: 15
print("Multiplication:", a * b) # Output: 50
# Logical Operator Example
x = True
y = False
print("x and y:", x and y) # Output: False
print("x or y:", x or y) # Output: True
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