Assignment No: 1
(Answer any Ten)
Q1. List and explain different features of Python programming language.
1. Interpreted Language: Python is executed line by line, making debugging easier.
2. Cross-Platform: Python can run on various operating systems such as Windows,
MacOS, and Linux.
3. Extensive Libraries: Python has a vast standard library and many third-party
libraries.
4. Dynamically Typed: Variables in Python do not need an explicit declaration to
reserve memory space.
5. High-Level Language: Python abstracts low-level details like memory management.
6. Object-Oriented: Python supports object-oriented programming, allowing
encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
7. Open Source: Python is free to use and distribute, including for commercial
purposes.
8. Integrated: Python can be easily integrated with other languages like C, C++, and
Java.
Q2. List out the different types of operators available in Python programming language.
Illustrate each with a suitable example.
1. Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, **, //
o Example: 5 + 3 = 8
2. Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
o Example: 5 > 3 = True
3. Logical Operators: and, or, not
o Example: (5 > 3) and (3 < 8) = True
4. Bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
o Example: 5 & 3 = 1
5. Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, **=, //=
o Example: a = 5; a += 3 -> a = 8
6. Identity Operators: is, is not
o Example: 5 is 5 = True
7. Membership Operators: in, not in
o Example: 'a' in 'apple' = True
Q3. Explain different Data types and Data structures available in Python.
1. Data Types:
o int: Integer values.
o float: Floating-point values.
o str: String values.
o bool: Boolean values (True or False).
o complex: Complex numbers.
2. Data Structures:
o List: Ordered, mutable collection. e.g., [1, 2, 3]
o Tuple: Ordered, immutable collection. e.g., (1, 2, 3)
o Set: Unordered, mutable collection of unique elements. e.g., {1, 2, 3}
o Dictionary: Unordered collection of key-value pairs. e.g., {'a': 1, 'b':
2}
Q4. Give the importance of operator precedence and associativity rules. Evaluate the
following expression by applying the operator precedence and associativity rules For
a=5, b=3, c=12, d=10 and e=3
Operator precedence and associativity determine the order in which operations are performed
in an expression. This ensures expressions are evaluated correctly.
1. a + b ** (c // d) * e
o c // d => 12 // 10 => 1
o b ** 1 => 3 ** 1 => 3
o 3 * e => 3 * 3 => 9
o a + 9 => 5 + 9 => 14
o Result: 14
2. a * (e + c) - d / b
o e + c => 3 + 12 => 15
o a * 15 => 5 * 15 => 75
o d / b => 10 / 3 => 3.333...
o 75 - 3.333... => 71.666...
o Result: 71.666...
Q5. Write a note on the following methods of Python programming language:
1. input(): Reads a line from input, converts it into a string.
o Example: name = input("Enter your name: ")
2. type(): Returns the type of an object.
o Example: type(5) => <class 'int'>
3. id(): Returns the unique id of an object.
o Example: id(5)
4. ord(): Returns the Unicode code of a character.
o Example: ord('a') => 97
Q6. Compare and contrast C and Python.
• Syntax: Python has simpler, more readable syntax than C.
• Typing: Python is dynamically typed, while C is statically typed.
• Speed: C is faster due to closer hardware-level operations.
• Memory Management: C requires manual memory management; Python has
automatic garbage collection.
• Use Cases: C is often used for system programming; Python is preferred for web
development, data analysis, and scripting.
Q7. Describe the different types of conditional statements of Python programming
language with suitable examples.
1. if statement: Executes a block of code if the condition is true.
o Example: if a > b: print("a is greater")
2. if-else statement: Executes a block of code if the condition is true, otherwise another
block of code.
o Example: if a > b: print("a is greater") else: print("b is
greater")
3. elif statement: Checks multiple expressions for true and executes a block of code as
soon as one condition is true.
o Example: if a > b: print("a is greater") elif a < b: print("b is
greater") else: print("both are equal")
Q8. Describe the different types of looping statements of Python programming language
with suitable examples.
1. for loop: Iterates over a sequence (list, tuple, string).
o Example: for i in range(5): print(i)
2. while loop: Repeats as long as the condition is true.
o Example: while a > 0: print(a); a -= 1
Q9. Differentiate between break and continue.
• break: Exits the nearest enclosing loop.
o Example: for i in range(5): if i == 3: break
• continue: Skips the current iteration and continues with the next iteration.
o Example: for i in range(5): if i == 3: continue; print(i)
Q10. Define list. List out the important features of the list and demonstrate how to add
an element to the list using the + operator, append(), and insert() methods.
• List: An ordered, mutable collection of items.
• Features: Mutable, allows duplicates, indexed.
• Adding Elements:
o + operator: list1 = [1, 2]; list2 = list1 + [3]
o append(): list1.append(3)
o insert(): list1.insert(1, 3)
Q11. Explain the importance of the following list methods:
1. remove(): Removes the first occurrence of a value.
o list1.remove(3)
2. index(): Returns the index of the first occurrence of a value.
o list1.index(3)
3. sum(): Returns the sum of all elements.
o sum(list1)
4. count(): Returns the number of occurrences of a value.
o list1.count(3)
5. extend(): Adds all elements of a list to another list.
o list1.extend([4, 5])
6. reverse(): Reverses the list in place.
o list1.reverse()
7. sort(): Sorts the list in ascending order.
o list1.sort()
Q12. Write a Note on Local and Global Variables.
• Local Variables: Defined inside a function, accessible only within that function.
• Global Variables: Defined outside all functions, accessible throughout the program.
• Example:
python
x = "global"
def func():
x = "local"
print(x)
func() # Prints "local"
print(x) # Prints "global"
Q13. Explain Exception Handling with an example.
• Exception Handling: Mechanism to handle runtime errors, allowing the program to
continue execution.
• Example:
python
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
print("Execution finished")
Q14. Compare List and Tuple.
• Mutability: Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable.
• Syntax: Lists use square brackets [], tuples use parentheses ().
• Performance: Tuples are faster than lists.
• Usage: Use tuples for fixed collections of items, lists for dynamic collections.
Q15. Explain any 4 string Handling Functions.
1. len(): Returns the length of the string.
o Example: len("hello") => 5
2. upper(): Converts the string to uppercase.
o Example: "hello".upper() => "HELLO"
3. lower(): Converts the string to lowercase.
o Example: "HELLO".lower() => "hello"
4. replace(): Replaces a substring with another substring.
o Example: "hello world".replace("world", "Python") => "hello
Python"
