Object-Oriented
Programming
INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING USING
JAVA
STAGES IN DEVELOPING A COMPUTER PROGRAM
1.) Defining the problem
Begins with recognizing the need for information
To better understand and analyze the problem we must conduct a study to the nature of the
problem and we must be able to define what are the necessary outputs required of the
program.
2.)Designing a solution to the problem
Breakdown the problem into several steps so that it is easier for us to solve the problem in smaller
pieces.
Algorithm
Flowcharting
3.)Writing the program
PROGRAM
- A list of instructions written in a programming language that a computer can execute so that the
machine acts in a predetermined way.
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS
1. Comments - Are statements that have no effect on the program, they are inserted at the key points
in the program and serve as an internal documentation of the program.
2. Declarations - Define items used in the program.
3. Input/output statements - Transfer data to and from the primary storage for use by the program, as
well as to and from other I/O devices like the monitor and the keyboard.
System.out.println(); or
System.out.print(); or
System.out.printf();
4.) COMPILING, DEBUGGING AND TESTING THE PROGRAM
COMPILER
DEBUGGING
TESTING
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
An artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer
Software used to create another software
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING ERRORS
SYNTAX ERRORS – Errors due to the fact that the syntax of the language is not respected
SEMANTIC ERRORS – Errors due to an improper use of program statements
LOGICAL ERRORS – Errors due to the fact that the specification is not respected
RUNTIME ERRORS – Error that cannot be detected by the compiler
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING ERRORS
History of Java
1991
James Gosling
Developed by Sun Microsystem Inc.
Open source
FEATURES OF JAVA
1. A PLATFORM INDEPENDENT LANGUAGE
a platform is a pre-existing environment in which a programs runs, obeying its constraints an
and making use of its facilities.
2. AN OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE
- is a way of organizing programs as collection of objects , each of which represents an instance of
a class.
- Makes software development much easier to design and implement
It uses classes, methods and objects
Java compiler > Java byte>Java Virtual Machine>machine code
CHARACTERISTICS OF JAVA
1. Java is simple
2. Java is object-oriented
3. Java is interpreted
4. Java is portable
5. Java is secure
Basic Syntax:
Case Sensitivity - Java is case sensitive, which means identifier Hello and hello would have
different meaning in Java.
Class Names - For all class names the first letter should be in Upper Case.
Example class FirstSample
Program File Name - Name of the program file should exactly match the class name.
Example: Assume 'FirstSample' is the class name.
Method Names
Example: public void main()
Example:
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
}
Program File Name
Example: Assume 'FirstSample' is the class name.
class Hello_World {
/* This is my first java program.
*This will print 'Hello World' as the output */
public static void main(String []args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
System.out.println();
System.out.println(“End of Program”);
}
} //End of code
Comments in Java
1. Multiple line comments
public class MyFirstJavaProgram{
/** This is my first java program.
** This will print 'Hello World' as the output
**This is an example of multi-line comments. **/
2. Single line comments
// This is an example of single line comment
Variable
RULES IN USING VARIABLES
Variable names are case-sensitive
Connecting punctuation character
Length of variable name can be number
Special characters are not allowed
Digit at start is not allowed
Variable name must not be a keyword or reserved word
CONSTANT VARIABLES
Double salary = 5670;
