Python
programming
Muhammad Ashfaq Najar
What we will learn today about python.
> History
> Introduction
> Features
> Package
Components
History
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late
eighties and early nineties (1991)at the National Research
Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the
Netherlands.
Guido van Rossum was reading the script of a popular BBC
comedy series "Monty Python's Flying Circus“ and hence…..
Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC,
Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and
other scripting languages.
Python is copyrighted, Like Perl, Python source code is now
available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Introduction
Python is a popular programming language.
It is used for:
• Web development (server-side),
• Software development,
• Mathematics,
• System scripting. (Server Management, Security
etc.)
What can Python do?
• Python can be used on a server to create web applications.
• Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
• Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and
modify files.
• Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex
mathematics.
• Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-
ready software development.
Why Python?
• Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux,
Raspberry Pi, etc.).
• Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
• Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with
fewer lines than some other programming languages.
• Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be
executed as soon as it is written. This means that prototyping can be
very quick.
• Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-oriented way or
a functional way.
Features
Easy to Code.
Open Source & Free Software.
Support for GUI.
Object-Oriented Methodology.
High-Level Language.
Highly Portable Language.
Integrated by Nature.
Extremely Dynamic
Python Philosophy
Coherence
not hard to read, write and maintain
Power
Scope
rapid development + large systems
Objects
Integration
hybrid systems
Package Components
Syntax
Variables
Operators
Data Types
Strings
Functions
Arrays
Lists
Etc.
Python Syntax
Python syntax can be executed by writing directly in the
Command Line:
>>> print("Hello, World!")
Hello, World!
Python Indentation
Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of
a code line.
The indentation in Python is very important.
Python uses indentation to indicate a block of code.
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!") Without Error
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!") Error
Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
Creating Variables
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it .
Example 1
x=5
y = “ABC"
print(x)
print(y) Output 5 ABC
Example 2
x=4 # x is of type int Output only ABC
x = “ABC" # x is now of type str
print(x)
Variable Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive
name (age, carname, total_volume). Rules for Python variables:A
variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
A variable name cannot start with a number
A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three
different variables)
A variable name cannot be any of the Python keywords.
Example Example
Legal variable names: Illegal variable
names:
myvar = "John"
my_var = "John" 2myvar = "John"
_my_var = "John" my-var = "John"
myVar = "John" my var = "John"
MYVAR = "John"
myvar2 = "John"
Assign Multiple Values
Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line:
Example
x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
x = "Python"
y = "is"
z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)
Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables
and values.
Example
print(10 + 5)
Output = 15
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Identity operators
Membership operators
Bitwise operators
Arithmetic Operators
Operator Name Example
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y
Assignment Operators
Operator Example Same As
= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3
&= x &= 3 x=x&3
|= x |= 3 x=x|3
^= x ^= 3 x=x^3
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3
<<= x <<= 3 x = x << 3
:= print(x := 3) x=3
print(x)
Logical Operators
Operator Description Example
and Returns True if both x < 5 and x < 10
statements are true
or Returns True if one of x < 5 or x < 4
the statements is true
not Reverse the result, not(x < 5 and x <
returns False if the 10)
result is true
Comparison Operators
Operator Name Example
== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal x >= y
to
<= Less than or equal to x <= y
Operator Precedence
Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.
Example
Parentheses has the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside
parentheses must be evaluated first:
print((6 + 3) - (6 + 3))
Operator Description
() Parentheses
** Exponentiation
+x -x ~x Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT
* / // % Multiplication, division, floor division, and
modulus
+ - Addition and subtraction
<< >> Bitwise left and right shifts
Thank
