Python Programming
Python Basics: Data Types and Expressions
Interactive Shell Data Types Expressions
The interactive shell is your Python has fundamental data Expressions are combinations
playground! Enter expressions types: integers (whole of values and operators. Python
and see immediate results. It’s numbers), floating-point evaluates expressions to
a great way to experiment and numbers (decimals), and produce a single value. For
learn. strings (text). Understand them example, enter 2 + 2 to see 4.
and their different use cases.
Experiment with different expressions and data types in the interactive shell. This hands-on approach is
crucial for solidifying your understanding.
String Manipulation:
Concatenation and Replication
1 String Concatenation 2 String Replication
Combine strings using the + Multiply a string by an
operator. For instance, integer to repeat it. 'spam'
'Hello' + ' ' + 'World' * 3 yields
results in 'Hello World'. 'spamspamspam'. This is
useful for creating patterns
Remember! or filling space.
3
You can only concatenate strings with strings. To concatenate a
string with a number, you need to first convert the number to a
string using the str() function.
String manipulation is a fundamental aspect of programming. Mastering
concatenation and replication opens up possibilities for dynamic text
generation.
Flow Control: Boolean Values and
Comparison Operators
1 Boolean Values
True and False are the two boolean values. They represent logical
states and are essential for decision-making in your code.
2 Comparison Operators
Use comparison operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=) to compare
values. These operators return boolean values based on the
comparison.
3 Boolean operators
and, or, not can be used to combine boolean values to create
complex conditions. Make sure to understand order of operations to
be sure that the expression evaluates the way you intended it to.
Boolean values and comparison operators are fundamental to flow control. They
allow your program to make decisions and execute different code blocks based on
conditions.
Variables: Storing and
Manipulating Values
Variable Variable Usage Variable Naming
Assignment
Variables can be Follow Python's
Use the assignment used in expressions naming rules: start
operator (=) to and statements. with a letter or
store values in This allows you to underscore, and use
variables. For manipulate and letters, numbers,
example, reuse values and underscores. Be
my_variable = 10 throughout your descriptive to
assigns the value program. improve readability.
10 to the variable
Variables are the cornerstone of programming. They enable you to
my_variable.
store, retrieve, and manipulate data, making your code dynamic
and efficient.
Flow Control Statements:
Directing Program Execution
if Statement
Executes a block of code if a condition is true.
else Statement
Executes a block of code if the if condition is false.
elif Statement
Provides multiple conditions to check, allowing for more
complex decision-making. It is short for "else if".
Flow control statements are essential for creating dynamic and
responsive programs. They allow you to control the order of execution
based on conditions.
Modules: Expanding Python's
Capabilities
Importing Modules The sys Module
Use the import statement to The sys module provides
access functions and access to system-specific
variables from external parameters and functions.
modules. For example, sys.exit() allows
you to end a program early.
Ending Programs Early
The sys.exit() function terminates the program execution. Pass
an optional exit code to indicate success or failure.
Modules extend Python's capabilities by providing pre-built functions
and variables. Understanding how to import and use modules is
essential for writing efficient and reusable code.
