FPGA Embedded Design
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Mark Zuckerberg has funded a project called Aquila, which is an unmanned solar-powered airplane that can stay in the air for months at a time. Its purpose is to beam internet connectivity from the sky. It has the wingspan of a Boeing 737 but weighs less than a car. Embedded blocks such as memory, processors and DSP units are commonly used in FPGAs to improve performance, power efficiency and resource utilization for the target application. However, unused blocks result in silicon waste.
FPGA Embedded Design
- 1. Shivananda (Shivoo) R Koteshwar Teacher Facebook: shivoo.koteshwar MSRIT, Faculty Development Program, Bangalore Jul 2015
- 2. ! Solar-‐powered Internet plane funded by Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook) ! Aquila is a solar powered unmanned plane that beams down internet connectivity from the sky ! It has the wingspan of a Boeing 737, but weighs less than a car and can stay in the air for months at a time.
- 3. ! To maintain/increase the impact of your product and solution, its important to take care of the eco system in which your product/solution exists ! Similarly, you need to understand the eco system of FPGA and try to enhance the elements ! Embedded Processor, Memory, Interconnects, Technology constraints, Software, Verification, Testing, Platform …
- 6. ! FPGAs are being used to augment, and sometimes even replace, general-‐purpose processors (GPPs) or DSPs, thanks to their vastly larger gate counts, specialized DSP units, embedded processors and high-‐speed serial link ! Their flexibility and computational performance per watt also make them an attractive choice for systems with tough size, weight and power (SWaP) constraints
- 7. 65 nm 90 nm 130 nm 150 nm 180 nm 45 nm 32 nm 22 nm 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 8 nm Mature FPGA Product Technology Developing FPGA Product Technology Future Process Technology • “Traditional Scaling” is starting to be effected by the fundamental material limits of the planar CMOS process • “Equivalent Scaling” or the assimilation of new materials, structures and functional integration will drive continued scaling
- 8. ! Performance of FPGAs as a compute platform exceed conventional processors in all three performance vectors; i/o bandwidth, memory bandwidth and computation ! Implementing an effective programming model is the main issue the industry is working hard to solve ! Power and Reliability Challenges
- 9. ! Embedded Processor ! Embedded Memory ! Embedded Functions – Multiplier, DSP
- 10. DeviceComplexityandPerformance • FPGA Fabric • Block RAM • Embedded Registers and Multipliers • Clock Management • Multi-standard Programmable IO • FPGA Fabric • Block RAM • FPGA Fabric Domain-optimized System Logic • FPGA Fabric • Block RAM • Embedded Registers and Multipliers • Clock Management • Multi-standard Programmable IO • Embedded Microprocessor • Multigigabit Transceivers • FPGA Fabric • Block RAM • Embedded Registers and Multipliers • Clock Management • Multi-standard Programmable IO • Embedded Microprocessor • Multigigabit Transceivers • Embedded DSP- optimized Multiplers • Embedded Ethernet MACs Glue Logic Block Logic Platform Logic System Logic
- 17. ! Most integrate an ARM-‐based hard processor system (HPS) consisting of processor, peripherals, and memory interfaces with the FPGA fabric using a high-‐bandwidth interconnect backbone. ! It combines the performance and power savings of hard intellectual property (IP) with the flexibility of programmable logic. ! These user-‐customizable ARM-‐based SoCs are ideal for: ! Reducing system power, cost, and board size by integrating discrete processors and digital signal processing (DSP) functions into a single FPGA ! Improving system performance via high-‐bandwidth interconnect between the processor and the FPGA ! Differentiating your end product by customizing in both hardware and software ! Developing ARM-‐compatible software with unmatched target visibility, control, and productivity
- 18. ! Improved system performance through a higher hard processor system (HPS) to FPGA bandwidth interconnect, hardware acceleration, and increased memory performance ! Increased reliability through error correction code (ECC) and memory protection that help protect systems against potential hardware or software errors and warm/cold CPU reset that initiates without affecting or reprogramming the FPGA ! More flexibility through hardware differentiation, system boot and configuration options, and multiple hardened memory controllers ! Lower system cost through single-‐chip integration, integrated PCIe® controller, and no power off sequencing ! Increased productivity through advanced debugging tool with target visibility, control, and productivity ! Path for the future through our roadmap for high-‐end, mid-‐range, and low-‐end applications, forward migration of software, and products with average life cycles of 15 years or more
- 20. ! With soft processor, the designer has the luxury of a different approach. They can now start with a processor core and build the peripheral set to meet their exact requirements ! Silicon waste is reduced to zero since the designer will only implement what they need ! Software design complexity is reduced because no code need ever be written to disable unwanted processor functionality ! The creation of unusual processor configurations, which can be changed at any time to suit changes in the specification, is reduced to a simple task
- 21. ! Embedded Memory " FPGA with on-‐chip storage ! Challenge: ! When embedding memory arrays onto an FPGA is to provide enough interconnect between the memory arrays and the logic resources ! Since memory access time is often the performance bottleneck in many systems, it is crucial that the memory/logic interface provides a flexible high-‐speed link between logic and memory ! If the interface is not flexible enough, many circuits will be unroutable, while if it is too flexible, it will be slower and consume more chip area than is necessary ! Alternate use ! Using EMB (Embedded Memory Block) to implement logic functions when they are not used as a on-‐chip memory
- 22. ! Embedded blocks are extensively used in FPGAs, serving to improve delay, power and area if utilized by the application, but waste area and power if unused. ! Early embedded blocks included fast carry chains, memories, phase locked loops, delay locked loops, boundary scan testing and multipliers. ! More recently, multipliers have been replaced by digital signal processing (DSP) blocks which add support for logical operations, shifting, addition, multiply-‐add, complex multiplication etc. ! Complex primitive functions (Filters, Transforms and Floating point) can be implemented because of advanced features like Multiple Wordlength and cascadability
- 24. All pictures are from flickr.com with either no copyright or wit common creatives
- 25. ! http://www.ee.usyd.edu.au/people/philip.leong/UserFiles/File/papers/ rtfpga_delta08.pdf ! http://www.rtcmagazine.com/articles/view/101079 ! https://lis.ei.tum.de/fpl2014/papers/w1a_02.pdf ! https://www.ll.mit.edu/HPEC/agendas/proc09/Day1/ F1_1025_Manohar_presentation.pdf ! http://fortune.com/2015/07/30/facebook-‐solar-‐power-‐plane-‐aquila/ ! http://www.ziti.uni-‐heidelberg.de/ziti/uploads/ce_group/seminar/2013-‐ Stephanie-‐Rupprich-‐presentation.pdf ! http://www.ziti.uni-‐heidelberg.de/ziti/uploads/ce_group/seminar/2013-‐ Stephanie-‐Rupprich-‐presentation.pdf ! https://www.altera.com/products/soc/overview.html ! http://perso.uclouvain.be/fstandae/PUBLIS/110.pdf ! http://www.design-‐reuse.com/articles/13212/fpga-‐prototyping-‐as-‐a-‐ verification-‐methodology.html ! http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/white_papers/wp360.pdf ! http://semiengineering.com/current-‐generation-‐fpgas-‐pose-‐power-‐ reliability-‐challenges/
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- 27. Shivananda (Shivoo) R Koteshwar Director, Mediatek [email protected]/ Facebook: shivoo.koteshwar BLOG: http://shivookoteshwar.wordpress.com SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/shivoo.koteshwar