開始使用 Python 中的 Spanner

透過集合功能整理內容 你可以依據偏好儲存及分類內容。

# Imports the Google Cloud Client Library.
from google.cloud import spanner

# Your Cloud Spanner instance ID.
# instance_id = "my-instance-id"
#
# Your Cloud Spanner database ID.
# database_id = "my-database-id"
# Instantiate a client.
spanner_client = spanner.Client()

# Get a Cloud Spanner instance by ID.
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)

# Get a Cloud Spanner database by ID.
database = instance.database(database_id)

# Execute a simple SQL statement.
with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql("SELECT 1")

    for row in results:
        print(row)

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def insert_singers(transaction):
    row_ct = transaction.execute_update(
        "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName) VALUES "
        "(12, 'Melissa', 'Garcia'), "
        "(13, 'Russell', 'Morales'), "
        "(14, 'Jacqueline', 'Long'), "
        "(15, 'Dylan', 'Shaw')"
    )
    print("{} record(s) inserted.".format(row_ct))

database.run_in_transaction(insert_singers)

def insert_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Inserts sample data into the given database.

    The database and table must already exist and can be created using
    `create_database`.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.insert(
            table="Singers",
            columns=("SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"),
            values=[
                (1, "Marc", "Richards"),
                (2, "Catalina", "Smith"),
                (3, "Alice", "Trentor"),
                (4, "Lea", "Martin"),
                (5, "David", "Lomond"),
            ],
        )

        batch.insert(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"),
            values=[
                (1, 1, "Total Junk"),
                (1, 2, "Go, Go, Go"),
                (2, 1, "Green"),
                (2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace"),
                (2, 3, "Terrified"),
            ],
        )

    print("Inserted data.")

def query_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Queries sample data from the database using SQL."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums"
        )

        for row in results:
            print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
    results = snapshot.execute_sql(
        "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers "
        "WHERE LastName = @lastName",
        params={"lastName": "Garcia"},
        param_types={"lastName": spanner.param_types.STRING},
    )

    for row in results:
        print("SingerId: {}, FirstName: {}, LastName: {}".format(*row))

def read_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Reads sample data from the database."""
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        keyset = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)
        results = snapshot.read(
            table="Albums", columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"), keyset=keyset
        )

        for row in results:
            print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))

def add_column(instance_id, database_id):
    """Adds a new column to the Albums table in the example database."""

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
        database=database_admin_api.database_path(
            spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
        ),
        statements=[
            "ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64",
        ],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
    print("Added the MarketingBudget column.")

def update_data(instance_id, database_id):
    """Updates sample data in the database.

    This updates the `MarketingBudget` column which must be created before
    running this sample. You can add the column by running the `add_column`
    sample or by running this DDL statement against your database:

        ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64

    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.batch() as batch:
        batch.update(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"),
            values=[(1, 1, 100000), (2, 2, 500000)],
        )

    print("Updated data.")

def query_data_with_new_column(instance_id, database_id):
    """Queries sample data from the database using SQL.

    This sample uses the `MarketingBudget` column. You can add the column
    by running the `add_column` sample or by running this DDL statement against
    your database:

        ALTER TABLE Albums ADD COLUMN MarketingBudget INT64
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, MarketingBudget FROM Albums"
        )

        for row in results:
            print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, MarketingBudget: {}".format(*row))

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
database = instance.database(database_id)

def transfer_budget(transaction):
    # Transfer marketing budget from one album to another. Performed in a
    # single transaction to ensure that the transfer is atomic.
    second_album_result = transaction.execute_sql(
        "SELECT MarketingBudget from Albums " "WHERE SingerId = 2 and AlbumId = 2"
    )
    second_album_row = list(second_album_result)[0]
    second_album_budget = second_album_row[0]

    transfer_amount = 200000

    # Transaction will only be committed if this condition still holds at
    # the time of commit. Otherwise it will be aborted and the callable
    # will be rerun by the client library
    if second_album_budget >= transfer_amount:
        first_album_result = transaction.execute_sql(
            "SELECT MarketingBudget from Albums "
            "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1"
        )
        first_album_row = list(first_album_result)[0]
        first_album_budget = first_album_row[0]

        second_album_budget -= transfer_amount
        first_album_budget += transfer_amount

        # Update first album
        transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE Albums "
            "SET MarketingBudget = @AlbumBudget "
            "WHERE SingerId = 1 and AlbumId = 1",
            params={"AlbumBudget": first_album_budget},
            param_types={"AlbumBudget": spanner.param_types.INT64},
        )

        # Update second album
        transaction.execute_update(
            "UPDATE Albums "
            "SET MarketingBudget = @AlbumBudget "
            "WHERE SingerId = 2 and AlbumId = 2",
            params={"AlbumBudget": second_album_budget},
            param_types={"AlbumBudget": spanner.param_types.INT64},
        )

        print(
            "Transferred {} from Album2's budget to Album1's".format(
                transfer_amount
            )
        )

database.run_in_transaction(transfer_budget)

def add_index(instance_id, database_id):
    """Adds a simple index to the example database."""

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
        database=database_admin_api.database_path(
            spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
        ),
        statements=["CREATE INDEX AlbumsByAlbumTitle ON Albums(AlbumTitle)"],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print("Added the AlbumsByAlbumTitle index.")

def read_data_with_index(instance_id, database_id):
    """Reads sample data from the database using an index.

    The index must exist before running this sample. You can add the index
    by running the `add_index` sample or by running this DDL statement against
    your database:

        CREATE INDEX AlbumsByAlbumTitle ON Albums(AlbumTitle)

    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        keyset = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)
        results = snapshot.read(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"),
            keyset=keyset,
            index="AlbumsByAlbumTitle",
        )

        for row in results:
            print("AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))

def add_storing_index(instance_id, database_id):
    """Adds an storing index to the example database."""

    from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

    request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
        database=database_admin_api.database_path(
            spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
        ),
        statements=[
            "CREATE INDEX AlbumsByAlbumTitle2 ON Albums(AlbumTitle)"
            "STORING (MarketingBudget)"
        ],
    )

    operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

    print("Waiting for operation to complete...")
    operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)

    print("Added the AlbumsByAlbumTitle2 index.")

def read_data_with_storing_index(instance_id, database_id):
    """Reads sample data from the database using an index with a storing
    clause.

    The index must exist before running this sample. You can add the index
    by running the `add_scoring_index` sample or by running this DDL statement
    against your database:

        CREATE INDEX AlbumsByAlbumTitle2 ON Albums(AlbumTitle)
        STORING (MarketingBudget)

    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot() as snapshot:
        keyset = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)
        results = snapshot.read(
            table="Albums",
            columns=("AlbumId", "AlbumTitle", "MarketingBudget"),
            keyset=keyset,
            index="AlbumsByAlbumTitle2",
        )

        for row in results:
            print("AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}, " "MarketingBudget: {}".format(*row))

def read_only_transaction(instance_id, database_id):
    """Reads data inside of a read-only transaction.

    Within the read-only transaction, or "snapshot", the application sees
    consistent view of the database at a particular timestamp.
    """
    spanner_client = spanner.Client()
    instance = spanner_client.instance(instance_id)
    database = instance.database(database_id)

    with database.snapshot(multi_use=True) as snapshot:
        # Read using SQL.
        results = snapshot.execute_sql(
            "SELECT SingerId, AlbumId, AlbumTitle FROM Albums"
        )

        print("Results from first read:")
        for row in results:
            print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))

        # Perform another read using the `read` method. Even if the data
        # is updated in-between the reads, the snapshot ensures that both
        # return the same data.
        keyset = spanner.KeySet(all_=True)
        results = snapshot.read(
            table="Albums", columns=("SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"), keyset=keyset
        )

        print("Results from second read:")
        for row in results:
            print("SingerId: {}, AlbumId: {}, AlbumTitle: {}".format(*row))