使用 Google 表格的 Apps 脚本的基础知识 4：数据格式设置

/**
 * A special function that runs when the spreadsheet is opened
 * or reloaded, used to add a custom menu to the spreadsheet.
 */
function onOpen() {
  // Get the spreadsheet's user-interface object.
  var ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();

  // Create and add a named menu and its items to the menu bar.
  ui.createMenu('Quick formats')
   .addItem('Format row header', 'formatRowHeader')
   .addItem('Format column header', 'formatColumnHeader')
   .addItem('Format dataset', 'formatDataset') 
  .addToUi();
}

/**
 * Formats top row of sheet using our header row style.
 */
function formatRowHeader() {
  // Get the current active sheet and the top row's range.
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  var headerRange = sheet.getRange(1, 1, 1, sheet.getLastColumn());
 
  // Apply each format to the top row: bold white text,
  // blue-green background, and a solid black border
  // around the cells.
  headerRange
    .setFontWeight('bold')
    .setFontColor('#ffffff')
    .setBackground('#007272')
    .setBorder(
      true, true, true, true, null, null,
      null,
      SpreadsheetApp.BorderStyle.SOLID_MEDIUM);

}

/**
 * Formats the column header of the active sheet.
 */ 
function formatColumnHeader() {  
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  
  // Get total number of rows in data range, not including
  // the header row.
  var numRows = sheet.getDataRange().getLastRow() - 1;
  
  // Get the range of the column header.
  var columnHeaderRange = sheet.getRange(2, 1, numRows, 1);
  
  // Apply text formatting and add borders.
  columnHeaderRange
    .setFontWeight('bold')
    .setFontStyle('italic')
    .setBorder(
      true, true, true, true, null, null,
      null,
      SpreadsheetApp.BorderStyle.SOLID_MEDIUM);
 
  // Call helper method to hyperlink the first column contents
  // to the url column contents.
  hyperlinkColumnHeaders_(columnHeaderRange, numRows); 
}

/**
 * Helper function that hyperlinks the column header with the
 * 'url' column contents. The function then removes the column.
 *
 * @param {object} headerRange The range of the column header
 *   to update.
 * @param {number} numRows The size of the column header.
 */
function hyperlinkColumnHeaders_(headerRange, numRows) {
  // Get header and url column indices.
  var headerColIndex = 1; 
  var urlColIndex = columnIndexOf_('url');  
  
  // Exit if the url column is missing.
  if(urlColIndex == -1)
    return; 
  
  // Get header and url cell values.
  var urlRange =
    headerRange.offset(0, urlColIndex - headerColIndex);
  var headerValues = headerRange.getValues();
  var urlValues = urlRange.getValues();
  
  // Updates header values to the hyperlinked header values.
  for(var row = 0; row < numRows; row++){
    headerValues[row][0] = '=HYPERLINK("' + urlValues[row]
      + '","' + headerValues[row] + '")';
  }
  headerRange.setValues(headerValues);
  
  // Delete the url column to clean up the sheet.
  SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet().deleteColumn(urlColIndex);
}

/**
 * Helper function that goes through the headers of all columns
 * and returns the index of the column with the specified name
 * in row 1. If a column with that name does not exist,
 * this function returns -1. If multiple columns have the same
 * name in row 1, the index of the first one discovered is
 * returned.
 * 
 * @param {string} colName The name to find in the column
 *   headers. 
 * @return The index of that column in the active sheet,
 *   or -1 if the name isn't found.
 */ 
function columnIndexOf_(colName) {
  // Get the current column names.
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  var columnHeaders =
    sheet.getRange(1, 1, 1, sheet.getLastColumn());
  var columnNames = columnHeaders.getValues();
  
  // Loops through every column and returns the column index
  // if the row 1 value of that column matches colName.
  for(var col = 1; col <= columnNames[0].length; col++)
  {
    if(columnNames[0][col-1] === colName)
      return col; 
  }

  // Returns -1 if a column named colName does not exist. 
  return -1; 
}

/**
 * Formats the sheet data, excluding the header row and column.
 * Applies the border and banding, formats the 'release_date'
 * column, and autosizes the columns and rows.
 */
function formatDataset() {
  // Get the active sheet and data range.
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet(); 
  var fullDataRange = sheet.getDataRange();

  // Apply row banding to the data, excluding the header
  // row and column. Only apply the banding if the range
  // doesn't already have banding set.
  var noHeadersRange = fullDataRange.offset(
    1, 1,
    fullDataRange.getNumRows() - 1,
    fullDataRange.getNumColumns() - 1);

  if (! noHeadersRange.getBandings()[0]) {
    // The range doesn't already have banding, so it's
    // safe to apply it.
    noHeadersRange.applyRowBanding(
      SpreadsheetApp.BandingTheme.LIGHT_GREY,
      false, false);
  }

  // Call a helper function to apply date formatting
  // to the column labeled 'release_date'.
  formatDates_( columnIndexOf_('release_date') );
  
  // Set a border around all the data, and resize the
  // columns and rows to fit.
  fullDataRange.setBorder(
    true, true, true, true, null, null,
    null,
    SpreadsheetApp.BorderStyle.SOLID_MEDIUM);

  sheet.autoResizeColumns(1, fullDataRange.getNumColumns());
  sheet.autoResizeRows(1, fullDataRange.getNumRows());
}

/** 
 * Helper method that applies a
 * "Month Day, Year (Day of Week)" date format to the
 * indicated column in the active sheet. 
 *
 * @param {number} colIndex The index of the column
 *   to format.
 */ 
function formatDates_(colIndex) {
  // Exit if the given column index is -1, indicating
  // the column to format isn't present in the sheet.
  if (colIndex < 0)
    return; 

  // Set the date format for the date column, excluding
  // the header row.
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();
  sheet.getRange(2, colIndex, sheet.getLastRow() - 1, 1)
    .setNumberFormat("mmmm dd, yyyy (dddd)");
}

/**
 * A special function that runs when the spreadsheet is opened
 * or reloaded, used to add a custom menu to the spreadsheet.
 */
function onOpen() {
  // Get the Ui object.
  var ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();

  // Create and add a named menu and its items to the menu bar.
  ui.createMenu('Quick formats')
    .addItem('Format row header', 'formatRowHeader')
    .addItem('Format column header', 'formatColumnHeader')
    .addItem('Format dataset', 'formatDataset')
    .addSeparator()
    .addSubMenu(ui.createMenu('Create character sheet')
                .addItem('Episode IV', 'createPeopleSheetIV')
                .addItem('Episode V', 'createPeopleSheetV')
                .addItem('Episode VI', 'createPeopleSheetVI')
                )
    .addToUi();
}

/**
 * Wrapper function that passes arguments to create a
 * resource sheet describing the characters from Episode IV.
 */
function createPeopleSheetIV() {
  createResourceSheet_('characters', 1, "IV");
}

/**
 * Wrapper function that passes arguments to create a
 * resource sheet describing the characters from Episode V.
 */
function createPeopleSheetV() {
  createResourceSheet_('characters', 2, "V");
}

/**
 * Wrapper function that passes arguments to create a
 * resource sheet describing the characters from Episode VI.
 */
function createPeopleSheetVI() {
  createResourceSheet_('characters', 3, "VI");
}

/** 
 * Creates a formatted sheet filled with user-specified
 * information from the Star Wars API. If the sheet with
 * this data exists, the sheet is overwritten with the API
 * information.
 *
 * @param {string} resourceType The type of resource.
 * @param {number} idNumber The identification number of the film.
 * @param {number} episodeNumber The Star Wars film episode number.
 *   This is only used in the sheet name.
 */
function createResourceSheet_(
    resourceType, idNumber, episodeNumber) { 
  
  // Fetch the basic film data from the API. 
  var filmData = fetchApiResourceObject_(
      "https://swapi.dev/api/films/" + idNumber);

  // Extract the API URLs for each resource so the code can
  // call the API to get more data about each individually.
  var resourceUrls = filmData[resourceType];
  
  // Fetch each resource from the API individually and push
  // them into a new object list.
  var resourceDataList = []; 
  for(var i = 0; i < resourceUrls.length; i++){
    resourceDataList.push(
      fetchApiResourceObject_(resourceUrls[i])
    ); 
  } 
  
  // Get the keys used to reference each part of data within
  // the resources. The keys are assumed to be identical for
  // each object since they're all the same resource type.
  var resourceObjectKeys = Object.keys(resourceDataList[0]);
  
  // Create the sheet with the appropriate name. It
  // automatically becomes the active sheet when it's created.
  var resourceSheet = createNewSheet_(
      "Episode " + episodeNumber + " " + resourceType);
  
  // Add the API data to the new sheet, using each object
  // key as a column header. 
  fillSheetWithData_(resourceSheet, resourceObjectKeys, resourceDataList);
  
  // Format the new sheet using the same styles the
  // 'Quick Formats' menu items apply. These methods all
  // act on the active sheet, which is the one just created.
  formatRowHeader();
  formatColumnHeader();   
  formatDataset();

}

/** 
 * Helper function that retrieves a JSON object containing a
 * response from a public API.
 *
 * @param {string} url The URL of the API object being fetched.
 * @return {object} resourceObject The JSON object fetched
 *   from the URL request to the API.
 */
function fetchApiResourceObject_(url) {
  // Make request to API and get response.
  var response =
    UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, {'muteHttpExceptions': true});
  
  // Parse and return the response as a JSON object.
  var json = response.getContentText();
  var responseObject = JSON.parse(json); 
  return responseObject; 
}

/** 
 * Helper function that creates a sheet or returns an existing
 * sheet with the same name.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the sheet.
 * @return {object} The created or existing sheet
 *   of the same name. This sheet becomes active.
 */ 
function createNewSheet_(name) {
  var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
  
  // Returns an existing sheet if it has the specified
  // name. Activates the sheet before returning.
  var sheet = ss.getSheetByName(name);
  if (sheet) {
    return sheet.activate();
  }
  
  // Otherwise it makes a sheet, set its name, and returns it.
  // New sheets created this way automatically become the active
  // sheet.
  sheet = ss.insertSheet(name); 
  return sheet; 
}

/** 
 * Helper function that adds API data to the sheet.
 * Each object key is used as a column header in the new sheet.
 *
 * @param {object} resourceSheet The sheet object being modified.
 * @param {object} objectKeys The list of keys for the resources.
 * @param {object} resourceDataList The list of API
 *   resource objects containing data to add to the sheet.
 */
function fillSheetWithData_(
    resourceSheet, objectKeys, resourceDataList) {
  // Set the dimensions of the data range being added to the sheet.
  var numRows = resourceDataList.length;
  var numColumns = objectKeys.length;
  
  // Get the resource range and associated values array. Add an
  // extra row for the column headers.
  var resourceRange =
    resourceSheet.getRange(1, 1, numRows + 1, numColumns);
  var resourceValues = resourceRange.getValues(); 
  
  // Loop over each key value and resource, extracting data to
  // place in the 2D resourceValues array.
  for (var column = 0; column < numColumns; column++) {

    // Set the column header.
    var columnHeader = objectKeys[column];
    resourceValues[0][column] = columnHeader;
    
    // Read and set each row in this column.
    for (var row = 1; row < numRows + 1; row++) {
      var resource = resourceDataList[row - 1];
      var value = resource[columnHeader];
      resourceValues[row][column] = value;
    }
  }
  
  // Remove any existing data in the sheet and set the new values.
  resourceSheet.clear()
  resourceRange.setValues(resourceValues);
}