Trait std::clone::Clone 1.0.0
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[src]
pub trait Clone {
fn clone(&self) -> Self;
fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self) { ... }
}A common trait for the ability to explicitly duplicate an object.
Differs from Copy in that Copy is implicit and extremely inexpensive, while
Clone is always explicit and may or may not be expensive. In order to enforce
these characteristics, Rust does not allow you to reimplement Copy, but you
may reimplement Clone and run arbitrary code.
Since Clone is more general than Copy, you can automatically make anything
Copy be Clone as well.
Derivable
This trait can be used with #[derive] if all fields are Clone. The derived
implementation of clone() calls clone() on each field.
How can I implement Clone?
Types that are Copy should have a trivial implementation of Clone. More formally:
if T: Copy, x: T, and y: &T, then let x = y.clone(); is equivalent to let x = *y;.
Manual implementations should be careful to uphold this invariant; however, unsafe code
must not rely on it to ensure memory safety.
An example is an array holding more than 32 elements of a type that is Clone; the standard
library only implements Clone up until arrays of size 32. In this case, the implementation of
Clone cannot be derived, but can be implemented as:
#[derive(Copy)] struct Stats { frequencies: [i32; 100], } impl Clone for Stats { fn clone(&self) -> Stats { *self } }
Required Methods
fn clone(&self) -> Self
Returns a copy of the value.
Examples
fn main() { let hello = "Hello"; // &str implements Clone assert_eq!("Hello", hello.clone()); }let hello = "Hello"; // &str implements Clone assert_eq!("Hello", hello.clone());
Provided Methods
fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)
Performs copy-assignment from source.
a.clone_from(&b) is equivalent to a = b.clone() in functionality,
but can be overridden to reuse the resources of a to avoid unnecessary
allocations.
Implementors
impl<T> Clone for Wrapping<T> where T: Cloneimpl Clone for ParseFloatErrorimpl Clone for FpCategoryimpl Clone for TryFromIntErrorimpl Clone for ParseIntErrorimpl<T> Clone for NonZero<T> where T: Zeroable + Cloneimpl<T> Clone for *const T where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for *mut T where T: ?Sizedimpl<Ret> Clone for fn() -> Retimpl<Ret> Clone for extern fn() -> Retimpl<Ret> Clone for unsafe fn() -> Retimpl<Ret> Clone for unsafe extern fn() -> Retimpl<Ret, A> Clone for fn(A) -> Retimpl<Ret, A> Clone for extern fn(A) -> Retimpl<Ret, A> Clone for unsafe fn(A) -> Retimpl<Ret, A> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B> Clone for fn(A, B) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B> Clone for extern fn(A, B) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C> Clone for fn(A, B, C) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Clone for fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Clone for extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Clone for unsafe fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) -> Retimpl<Ret, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Clone for unsafe extern fn(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) -> Retimpl<T> Clone for Shared<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for PhantomData<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl Clone for RangeFullimpl<Idx> Clone for Range<Idx> where Idx: Cloneimpl<Idx> Clone for RangeFrom<Idx> where Idx: Cloneimpl<Idx> Clone for RangeTo<Idx> where Idx: Cloneimpl<Idx> Clone for RangeInclusive<Idx> where Idx: Cloneimpl<Idx> Clone for RangeToInclusive<Idx> where Idx: Cloneimpl Clone for Orderingimpl<'a, T> Clone for &'a T where T: ?Sizedimpl Clone for isizeimpl Clone for i8impl Clone for i16impl Clone for i32impl Clone for i64impl Clone for usizeimpl Clone for u8impl Clone for u16impl Clone for u32impl Clone for u64impl Clone for f32impl Clone for f64impl Clone for ()impl Clone for boolimpl Clone for charimpl Clone for TypeIdimpl<T> Clone for [T; 0] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 1] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 2] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 3] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 4] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 5] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 6] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 7] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 8] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 9] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 10] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 11] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 12] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 13] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 14] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 15] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 16] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 17] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 18] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 19] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 20] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 21] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 22] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 23] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 24] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 25] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 26] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 27] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 28] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 29] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 30] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 31] where T: Copyimpl<T> Clone for [T; 32] where T: Copyimpl Clone for Orderingimpl<T> Clone for Cell<T> where T: Copyimpl Clone for BorrowStateimpl<T> Clone for RefCell<T> where T: Cloneimpl Clone for EscapeUnicodeimpl Clone for EscapeDefaultimpl<A, R> Clone for StepBy<A, R> where A: Clone, R: Cloneimpl<A> Clone for Repeat<A> where A: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for Empty<T>impl<T> Clone for Once<T> where T: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for Rev<T> where T: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Cloned<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Cycle<I> where I: Cloneimpl<A, B> Clone for Chain<A, B> where A: Clone, B: Cloneimpl<A, B> Clone for Zip<A, B> where A: Clone, B: Cloneimpl<I, F> Clone for Map<I, F> where F: Clone, I: Cloneimpl<I, P> Clone for Filter<I, P> where I: Clone, P: Cloneimpl<I, F> Clone for FilterMap<I, F> where F: Clone, I: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Enumerate<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Peekable<I> where I: Clone + Iterator, I::Item: Cloneimpl<I, P> Clone for SkipWhile<I, P> where I: Clone, P: Cloneimpl<I, P> Clone for TakeWhile<I, P> where I: Clone, P: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Skip<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Take<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I, St, F> Clone for Scan<I, St, F> where F: Clone, I: Clone, St: Cloneimpl<I, U, F> Clone for FlatMap<I, U, F> where F: Clone, I: Clone, U: Clone + IntoIterator, U::IntoIter: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Fuse<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I, F> Clone for Inspect<I, F> where F: Clone, I: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for Option<T> where T: Cloneimpl<'a, A> Clone for Iter<'a, A>impl<A> Clone for IntoIter<A> where A: Cloneimpl Clone for TraitObjectimpl<T, E> Clone for Result<T, E> where E: Clone, T: Cloneimpl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<'a, T, P> Clone for Split<'a, T, P> where P: Clone + FnMut(&T) -> boolimpl<'a, T> Clone for Windows<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Chunks<'a, T>impl Clone for SearchStepimpl<'a> Clone for CharSearcher<'a>impl<'a, 'b> Clone for CharSliceSearcher<'a, 'b>impl<'a, F> Clone for CharPredicateSearcher<'a, F> where F: Clone + FnMut(char) -> boolimpl<'a, 'b> Clone for StrSearcher<'a, 'b>impl Clone for ParseBoolErrorimpl Clone for Utf8Errorimpl<'a> Clone for Chars<'a>impl<'a> Clone for CharIndices<'a>impl<'a> Clone for Bytes<'a>impl<'a, P> Clone for Split<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for RSplit<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for SplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for RSplitTerminator<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for SplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for RSplitN<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for MatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for RMatchIndices<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for Matches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a, P> Clone for RMatches<'a, P> where P: Pattern<'a>, P::Searcher: Cloneimpl<'a> Clone for Lines<'a>impl<'a> Clone for LinesAny<'a>impl Clone for SipHasher13impl Clone for SipHasher24impl Clone for SipHasherimpl<H> Clone for BuildHasherDefault<H>impl Clone for Errorimpl<'a> Clone for Arguments<'a>impl<A> Clone for (A,) where A: Cloneimpl<A, B> Clone for (A, B) where A: Clone, B: Cloneimpl<A, B, C> Clone for (A, B, C) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D> Clone for (A, B, C, D) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Clone, H: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Clone, H: Clone, I: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Clone, H: Clone, I: Clone, J: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Clone, H: Clone, I: Clone, J: Clone, K: Cloneimpl<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L> Clone for (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L) where A: Clone, B: Clone, C: Clone, D: Clone, E: Clone, F: Clone, G: Clone, H: Clone, I: Clone, J: Clone, K: Clone, L: Cloneimpl Clone for ExchangeHeapSingletonimpl<T> Clone for Box<T> where T: Cloneimpl Clone for Box<str>impl<T> Clone for Box<[T]> where T: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for Arc<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for Weak<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for Rc<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for Weak<T> where T: ?Sizedimpl<T> Clone for BinaryHeap<T> where T: Cloneimpl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<T> Clone for IntoIter<T> where T: Cloneimpl<K, V> Clone for BTreeMap<K, V> where K: Clone, V: Cloneimpl<'a, K, V> Clone for Iter<'a, K, V>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Keys<'a, K, V>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Values<'a, K, V>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Range<'a, K, V>impl<T> Clone for BTreeSet<T> where T: Cloneimpl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Range<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Difference<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for SymmetricDifference<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Intersection<'a, T>impl<'a, T> Clone for Union<'a, T>impl<'a, B> Clone for Cow<'a, B> where B: ToOwned + ?Sizedimpl<E> Clone for EnumSet<E>impl<E> Clone for Iter<E>impl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<T> Clone for IntoIter<T> where T: Cloneimpl<A> Clone for LinkedList<A> where A: Cloneimpl<'a> Clone for EncodeUtf16<'a>impl Clone for Stringimpl Clone for ParseErrorimpl<T> Clone for Vec<T> where T: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for IntoIter<T> where T: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for VecDeque<T> where T: Cloneimpl<'a, T> Clone for Iter<'a, T>impl<T> Clone for IntoIter<T> where T: Cloneimpl<T> Clone for Bound<T> where T: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for Utf16Encoder<I> where I: Cloneimpl<I> Clone for DecodeUtf16<I> where I: Clone + Iterator<Item=u16>impl Clone for DecodeUtf16Errorimpl Clone for LocalKeyStateimpl Clone for Threadimpl<K: Clone, V: Clone, S: Clone> Clone for HashMap<K, V, S>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Iter<'a, K, V>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Keys<'a, K, V>impl<'a, K, V> Clone for Values<'a, K, V>impl Clone for RandomStateimpl<T: Clone, S: Clone> Clone for HashSet<T, S>impl<'a, K> Clone for Iter<'a, K>impl<'a, T, S> Clone for Intersection<'a, T, S>impl<'a, T, S> Clone for Difference<'a, T, S>impl<'a, T, S> Clone for SymmetricDifference<'a, T, S>impl<'a, T, S> Clone for Union<'a, T, S>impl Clone for VarErrorimpl Clone for CStringimpl Clone for NulErrorimpl Clone for FromBytesWithNulErrorimpl Clone for IntoStringErrorimpl Clone for OsStringimpl Clone for Metadataimpl Clone for OpenOptionsimpl Clone for Permissionsimpl Clone for FileTypeimpl<T: Clone> Clone for Cursor<T>impl Clone for ErrorKindimpl Clone for SeekFromimpl Clone for IpAddrimpl Clone for Ipv6MulticastScopeimpl Clone for Ipv4Addrimpl Clone for Ipv6Addrimpl Clone for SocketAddrimpl Clone for SocketAddrV4impl Clone for SocketAddrV6impl Clone for AddrParseErrorimpl Clone for Shutdownimpl Clone for SocketAddrimpl Clone for statimpl<'a> Clone for Prefix<'a>impl<'a> Clone for PrefixComponent<'a>impl<'a> Clone for Component<'a>impl<'a> Clone for Components<'a>impl<'a> Clone for Iter<'a>impl Clone for PathBufimpl Clone for StripPrefixErrorimpl Clone for Outputimpl Clone for ExitStatusimpl<T: Clone> Clone for SendError<T>impl Clone for RecvErrorimpl Clone for TryRecvErrorimpl Clone for RecvTimeoutErrorimpl<T: Clone> Clone for TrySendError<T>impl<T> Clone for Sender<T>impl<T> Clone for SyncSender<T>impl Clone for WaitTimeoutResultimpl Clone for Durationimpl Clone for Instantimpl Clone for SystemTimeimpl Clone for SystemTimeErrorimpl Clone for StandardNormalimpl Clone for Normalimpl Clone for LogNormalimpl Clone for Exp1impl Clone for Expimpl Clone for IsaacRngimpl Clone for Isaac64Rngimpl Clone for ChaChaRngimpl Clone for ReseedWithDefaultimpl Clone for XorShiftRng