C++ Numeric Data Type

There are mainly 3 types of Numeric Data Types in C++

1. int 
   • unsigned int
   • short int
   • unsigned short int 
   • long int
   • unsigned long int
   • long long int
   • unsigned long long int
2. float 
3. double 
   • long double

1. Integer (int)

An integer is a type of datatype that can store integer values. Integer acquires 4 bytes in memory and ranges from -2147483648 to 2147483647.

Syntax:

int var_name;

There are some data types derived from Integer these are:

i. Unsigned int:

Unsigned integer is a data type with no negative values of integers so the limit is from 0 to 4,294,967,295. All the memory of 4 bytes is used for storing positive values so the limit of an integer is more than that of an int.

Syntax:

unsigned int var_name;

ii. Short int:

A short int is a data type with lesser memory space than integer with 2-byte memory. It has a range from -32,768 to 32,767.

Syntax:

short int var_name;

iii. Unsigned short int:

Unsigned short int is a data type with no negative values of integers so the limit is from 0 to 65,535. All the memory of 2 bytes is used for storing positive values so the limit of an integer is more than that of a short int.

Syntax:

unsigned short int var_name;

iv. long int

long int is a data type with more memory space than integers with 4 bytes and can be up to 8 bytes depending upon the compiler itself. 

Syntax:

long int var_name;

v. unsigned long int

unsigned long int is a data type with all positive values. Its size is the same as of long int.

Syntax:

unsigned int var_name;

vi. long long int

long long int is a data type with a memory of 8 bytes and can vary up to 16 bytes depending upon the compiler itself. The range of a long long int is -(2^63) to (2^63)-1.

Syntax:

long long int var_name;

vii. unsigned long long int

unsigned long long int is a data type with memory the same as of long long int with all the positive values inside it. So, the range of unsigned long long int is 0 to (2^64).

Syntax:

unsigned long long int var_name;

Example:

// C++ Program to check size
// of Integer data-types
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << "sizeof int datatype is: " << sizeof(int)
         << endl;

    cout << "sizeof unsigned int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(unsigned int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof short int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(short int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof unsigned short int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(unsigned short int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof long int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(long int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof unsigned long int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(unsigned long int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof long long int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(long long int) << endl;

    cout << "sizeof unsigned long long int datatype is: "
         << sizeof(unsigned long long int) << endl;

    return 0;
}

sizeof int datatype is: 4
sizeof unsigned int datatype is: 4
sizeof short int datatype is: 2
sizeof unsigned short int datatype is: 2
sizeof long int datatype is: 8
sizeof unsigned long int datatype is: 8
sizeof long long int datatype is: 8
sizeof unsigned long long int datatype is: 8

2. Floating Point (float)

Float is a type of datatype that can store Floating-point values. A float datatype acquires 4 bytes in memory.

Example:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout << "sizeof float datatype is: "<<sizeof(float)<<endl;
    return 0;
}

sizeof float datatype is: 4

3. Double (double):

 Double is a type of data type used for storing double-precision floating-point values or decimal values. A double datatype acquires 8 bytes in memory.

long double: There is another data type derived from double that is long double. It can acquire 12 bytes of memory space.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    cout << "sizeof double datatype is: " << sizeof(double)
         << endl;
  
    cout << "sizeof long double datatype is: "
         << sizeof(long double) << endl;
    
  return 0;
}

sizeof double datatype is: 8
sizeof long double datatype is: 16

Another Example Program to depict all three numeric datatypes together: 

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    int a=5;
      float f=1.5;
      double d=6.5;
      cout<<"value of a is "<<a<<endl<<"value of f is "<<f<<endl<<"value of d is "<<d<<endl<<"Value of c is "<<c;
    return 0;
}

value of a is 5
value of f is 1.5
value of d is 6.5
Value of c is g

To Know more about data types refer to the article - Data Types in C++