Git Cheat Sheet

Last Updated : 09 Jul, 2025

The Git Cheat Sheet is a quick, well-organized guide designed for both beginners and experienced developers/DevOps engineers. It serves as a go-to reference for learning and recalling essential Git concepts and commands.

In this Git Cheat Sheet, we have covered all the basics to advanced Git commands that the developers required during the development and deployment process. Moreover, it is well-structured and categorized according to different use cases. It includes Git installation in Linux, Windows and Mac OS, Git Configuration & Setup, Git commands, Branching and Merging in Git, Sharing and Updating in Git, Git Comparison, Managing History in Git, and more.

Git Installation Commands

Here are the Git installation commands for different operating systems:

Commands	Description
Git for Windows stand-alone installer.	For more Details Read Here
brew install git	Install Git with Homebrew on Mac OS
sudo port selfupdate	Install Git with MacPorts on Mac OS
sudo apt-get install git	Install Command for Linux
git --version	Shows the current version of your Git

Git Configuration & Setup

Here are Git configuration and setup commands:

Commands	Description
git config --global user.name "Your Name"	Set your Git username globally for all repositories.
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"	Set your Git email address globally.
git config --global color.ui auto	Set to display colored output in the terminal for better readability.
git config --global alias. <alias-name> <git-command>	Create a custom alias for a Git command to save time.
git config --list	List all Git configuration settings (global, system, local).
git config --get <key>	Retrieve the value of a specific configuration key (e.g., `user.name`).
git help	Display the main help documentation, showing a list of commonly used Git commands.

Initializing a Repository

Here are the Git initializing a repository commands:

Commands	Description
git init	Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.
git init <directory>	Creates a new Git repository in the specified directory.
git clone <repository_url>	Clone a repository from a remote server to your local machine.
git clone --branch <branch_name> <repository_url>	Clones a specific branch from a remote repository.

Basic Git Commands

Here are some basic Git commands:

Commands	Description
git add <file>	Adds a specific file to the staging area.
git add . or git add --all	Adds all modified and new files to the staging area.
git status	Shows the current state of your repository, including tracked and untracked files, modified files, and branch information.
git status --ignored	Displays ignored files in addition to the regular status output.
git diff	Shows the changes between the working directory and the staging area (index).
git diff <commit1> <commit2>	Displays the differences between two commits.
git diff --staged or git diff --cached	Displays the changes between the staging area (index) and the last commit.
git diff HEAD	Display the difference between the current directory and the last commit
git commit	Creates a new commit with the changes in the staging area and opens the default text editor for adding a commit message.
git commit -m "<message>" or git commit --message "<message>"	Creates a new commit with the changes in the staging area and specifies the commit message inline.
git commit -a or git commit --all	Commits all modified and deleted files in the repository without explicitly using git add to stage the changes.
git notes add	Creates a new note and associates it with an object (commit, tag, etc.).
git restore <file>	Restores the file in the working directory to its state in the last commit.
git reset <commit>	Moves the branch pointer to a specified commit, resetting the staging area and the working directory to match the specified commit.
git reset --soft <commit>	Moves the branch pointer to a specified commit, preserving the changes in the staging area and the working directory.
git reset --hard <commit>	Moves the branch pointer to a specified commit, discarding all changes in the staging area and the working directory, effectively resetting the repository to the specified commit.
git rm <file>	Removes a file from both the working directory and the repository, staging the deletion.
git mv <old> <new>	Moves or renames a file or directory in your Git repository.

Git Commit (Updated Commands)

Here are some of the updated commands for Git commit:

Commands	Description
git commit -m "feat: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate a new feature commit in the repository.
git commit -m "fix: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to fix the bugs in codebases
git commit -m "chore: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to show routine tasks or maintenance.
git commit -m "refactor: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to change the code base and improve the structure.
git commit -m "docs: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to change the documentation.
git commit -m "style: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to change the styling and formatting of the codebase.
git commit -m "test: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate test-related changes.
git commit -m "perf: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate performance-related changes.
git commit -m "ci: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate the continuous integration (CI) system-related changes.
git commit -m "build: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate the changes related to the build process.
git commit -m "revert: message"	Create a new commit in a Git repository with a specific message to indicate the changes related to revert a previous commit.

Branching and Merging

Here are some Git branching and merging commands:

Commands	Description
git branch	Lists all branches in the repository.
git branch <branch-name>	Creates a new branch with the specified name.
git branch -d <branch-name>	Deletes the specified branch.
git branch -a	Lists all local and remote branches.
git branch -r	Lists all remote branches.
git checkout <branch-name>	Switches to the specified branch.
git checkout -b <new-branch-name>	Creates a new branch and switches to it.
git checkout -- <file>	Discards changes made to the specified file and revert it to the version in the last commit.
git merge <branch>	Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
git log	Displays the commit history of the current branch.
git log <branch-d	Displays the commit history of the specified branch.
git log --follow <file>	Displays the commit history of a file, including its renames.
git log --all	Displays the commit history of all branches.
git stash	Stashes the changes in the working directory, allowing you to switch to a different branch or commit without committing the changes.
git stash list	Lists all stashes in the repository.
git stash pop	Applies and removes the most recent stash from the stash list.
git stash drop	Removes the most recent stash from the stash list.
git tag	Lists all tags in the repository.
git tag <tag-name>	Creates a lightweight tag at the current commit.
git tag <tag-name> <commit>	Creates a lightweight tag at the specified commit.
git tag -a <tag-name> -m "<message>"	Creates an annotated tag at the current commit with a custom message.

Remote Repositories

Here are some Git remote repositories commands:

Commands	Description
git fetch	Retrieves change from a remote repository, including new branches and commit.
git fetch <remote>	Retrieves change from the specified remote repository.
git fetch --prune	Removes any remote-tracking branches that no longer exist on the remote repository.
git pull	Fetches changes from the remote repository and merges them into the current branch.
git pull <remote>	Fetches changes from the specified remote repository and merges them into the current branch.
git pull --rebase	Fetches changes from the remote repository and rebases the current branch onto the updated branch.
git push	Pushes local commits to the remote repository.
git push <remote>	Pushes local commits to the specified remote repository.
git push <remote> <branch>	Pushes local commits to the specified branch of the remote repository.
git push --all	Pushes all branches to the remote repository.
git remote	Lists all remote repositories.
git remote add <name> <url>	Adds a new remote repository with the specified name and URL.
git remote rm <remote>	Remove a connection to a remote repository (e.g., `origin`).
git remote rename <old_name> <new_name>	Rename an existing remote connection.

Git Comparison

Here are some Git comparison commands:

Commands	Description
git show	Shows the details of a specific commit, including its changes.
git show <commit>	Shows the details of the specified commit, including its changes.

Git Logging and Reviewing Commands

Here are some Git Logging and Reviewing commands:

Command	Description
`git log`	Displays the commit history of the current branch.
`git log --oneline`	Shows commits in a compact format (1 line per commit).
`git log --graph`	Displays an ASCII graph of the branch history alongside log output.
`git log --all`	Shows commit logs for all branches.
`git log --author="Name"`	Shows commits made by a specific author.
`git log --since="2 weeks ago"`	Filters commits made in the last 2 weeks.
`git log --until="2024-12-31"`	Shows commits made before a specific date.
`git log <file>`	Shows the commit history of a specific file.
`git log --follow <file>`	Tracks file history including renames.
`git show`	Displays the full details of a specific commit (diff + metadata).
`git show <commit>`	Shows information about the given commit hash.
`git blame <file>`	Shows which commit last modified each line of a file.
`git diff`	Compares working directory and staging area (unstaged changes).
`git diff --staged`	Compares staged changes with the last commit.
`git diff <commit1> <commit2>`	Shows the difference between two commits.

Git Managing History

Here are some Git managing history commands:

Commands	Description
git revert <commit>	Creates a new commit that undoes the changes introduced by the specified commit.
git revert --no-commit <commit>	Undoes the changes introduced by the specified commit, but does not create a new commit.
git rebase <branch>	Reapplies commits on the current branch onto the tip of the specified branch.

Git Reflog – Recovering Lost Commits

Here are some commands for recovering lost commits:

Command	Description
`git reflog`	Show history of HEAD changes (including resets, rebases, checkouts)
`git checkout HEAD@{n}`	Restore a previous HEAD state
`git reset --hard HEAD@{n}`	Hard reset to a previous state

Also check

Basic Git Commands with Examples

NumPy Cheat Sheet: Beginner to Advanced (PDF)

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