static Keyword in Java

Java this Keyword

Last Updated : 02 Jun, 2025

In Java, "this" is a reference variable that refers to the current object, or can be said "this" in Java is a keyword that refers to the current object instance. It is mainly used to,

Call current class methods and fields
To pass an instance of the current class as a parameter
To differentiate between the local and instance variables.

Using "this" reference can improve code readability and reduce naming conflicts.

Java "this" Reference Example

The this keyword can be used to access instance variables and methods of the object on which the method or constructor is being invoked.

Below is the implementation of "this" reference:

Java

// Java program to demonstrate
// this reference

// Driver Class
public class Person {

    // Fields Declared
    String name;
    int age;

    // Constructor
    Person(String name, int age)
    {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    // Getter for name
    public String get_name() { return name; }

    // Setter for name
    public void change_name(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // Method to Print the Details of
    // the person
    public void printDetails()
    {
        System.out.println("Name: " + this.name);
        System.out.println("Age: " + this.age);
        System.out.println();
    }

    // main function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Objects Declared
        Person first = new Person("ABC", 18);
        Person second = new Person("XYZ", 22);

        first.printDetails();
        second.printDetails();

        first.change_name("PQR");
        System.out.println("Name has been changed to: "
                           + first.get_name());
    }
}

Output

Name: ABC
Age: 18

Name: XYZ
Age: 22

Name has been changed to: PQR

Explanation:

Here, we have defined a "Person" class with two private fields "name" and "age". We have defined the Person class constructor to initialize these fields using "this" keyword. We have also defined "getter and setter" methods for these fields which use this keyword to refer to the current object instance.
In the printDetails() method, we have used "this" keyword to refer to the current object instance and print its name, age, and object reference.
In the Main class, we have created two Person objects and called the printDetails() method on each object. The output shows the name, age, and object reference of each object instance.

Methods to Use "this" in Java

Following are the ways to use the "this" keyword in Java mentioned below:

Using "this" keyword to refer to current class instance variables.
Using this() to invoke the current class constructor
Using 'this' keyword to return the current class instance
Using 'this' keyword as the method parameter
Using 'this' keyword to invoke the current class method
Using 'this' keyword as an argument in the constructor call

1. Using "this" to Refer to Current Class Instance Variables

Java

// Java program for using "this" keyword to
// refer current class instance variables
class Geeks {
    int a;
    int b;

    // Parameterized constructor
    Geeks(int a, int b)
    {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
    }

    void display()
    {
        // Displaying value of variables a and b
        System.out.println("a = " + a + "  b = " + b);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Geeks object = new Geeks(10, 20);
        object.display();
    }
}

Output

a = 10  b = 20

2. Using this() to Invoke Current Class Constructor

Java

// Java program for using this() to
// invoke current class constructor
class Geeks {
    int a;
    int b;

    // Default constructor
    Geeks()
    {
        this(10, 20);
        System.out.println(
            "Inside  default constructor \n");
    }

    // Parameterized constructor
    Geeks(int a, int b)
    {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
        System.out.println(
            "Inside parameterized constructor");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Geeks object = new Geeks();
    }
}

Output

Inside parameterized constructor
Inside  default constructor

3. Using "this" Keyword to Return the Current Class Instance

Java

// Java program for using "this" keyword
// to return the current class instance
class Geeks {
    int a;
    int b;

    // Default constructor
    Geeks()
    {
        a = 10;
        b = 20;
    }

    // Method that returns current class instance
    Geeks get() { 
        return this; 
    }

    // Displaying value of variables a and b
    void display()
    {
        System.out.println("a = " + a + "  b = " + b);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Geeks object = new Geeks();
        object.get().display();
    }
}

Output

a = 10  b = 20

4. Using "this" Keyword as a Method Parameter

Java

// Java program for using "this"
// keyword as method parameter
class Geeks {
    int a;
    int b;

    // Default constructor
    Geeks()
    {
        a = 10;
        b = 20;
    }

    // Method that receives "this"
    // keyword as parameter
    void display(Geeks obj)
    {
        System.out.println("a = " + obj.a
                           + "  b = " + obj.b);
    }

    // Method that returns current class instance
    void get() { 
        display(this); 
    }

    // main function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Geeks object = new Geeks();
        object.get();
    }
}

Output

a = 10  b = 20

5. Using "this" Keyword to Invoke the Current Class Method

Java

// Java program for using this to invoke current
// class method
class Geeks {

    void display()
    {
        // calling function show()
        this.show();

        System.out.println("Inside display function");
    }

    void show()
    {
        System.out.println("Inside show function");
    }

    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        Geeks g1 = new Geeks();
        g1.display();
    }
}

Output

Inside show function
Inside display function

6. Using "this" Keyword as an Argument in the Constructor Call

Java

// Java program for using this as an 
// argument in constructor call
// Class with object of Class B as its data member
class A {
    B obj;

    // Parameterized constructor with object of B
    // as a parameter
    A(B obj)
    {
        this.obj = obj;

        // calling display method of class B
        obj.display();
    }
}

class B {
    int x = 5;

    // Default Constructor that create an object of A
    // with passing this as an argument in the
    // constructor
    B() { A obj = new A(this); }

    // method to show value of x
    void display()
    {
        System.out.println("Value of x in Class B : " + x);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        B obj = new B();
    }
}

Output

Value of x in Class B : 5

Advantages of Using "this" Reference

There are many advantages of using "this" reference in Java as mentioned below:

It helps to distinguish between instance variables and local variables with the same name.
It can be used to pass the current object as an argument to another method.
It can be used to return the current object from a method.
It can be used to invoke a constructor from another overloaded constructor in the same class.

Disadvantages of Using "this" Reference

Although "this" reference comes with many advantages there are disadvantages of also:

Overuse of this can make the code harder to read and understand.
Using this unnecessarily can add unnecessary overhead to the program.
Using this in a static context results in a compile-time error.
Overall, this keyword is a useful tool for working with objects in Java, but it should be used judiciously and only when necessary.

static Keyword in Java

M

Mehak Narang and Amit Kumar

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