Python - Substitute prefix part of List

Given 2 list, substitute one list as prefix elements of other.

Input: test_list1 = [4, 6, 8, 7], test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8] 
Output : [4, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8] 
Explanation: 4, 6, 8, 7 from list 1 and rest, 2 and 8 from list 2, substituting prefix of list 2.

Input: test_list1 = [4, 6], test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8] 
Output : [4, 6, 9, 4, 2, 8] 
Explanation: 4, 6 from list 1 and rest, 9, 4, 2 and 8 from list 2, substituting prefix of list 2. 

Method #1 : Using len() + list slicing 

In this, we add the list 1 and then part of list 2 after size of list 1, using len() and list slicing.

# Python3 code to demonstrate working of 
# Substitute prefix part of List
# Using len() + list slicing 

# initializing lists
test_list1 = [4, 6, 8, 7]
test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

# printing original lists
print("The original list 1 : " + str(test_list1))
print("The original list 2 : " + str(test_list2))

# size slicing after length of list 1
res = test_list1 + test_list2[len(test_list1) : ]

# printing result 
print("The joined list : " + str(res))

The original list 1 : [4, 6, 8, 7]
The original list 2 : [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]
The joined list : [4, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the second list. The program performs a single operation which is slicing the second list and concatenating it with the first list. Slicing a list of size n takes O(n) time. The concatenation operation is O(1) as it is creating a new reference to the list rather than creating a new list. Therefore the time complexity is O(n) .
Auxiliary Space: O(n), as it is creating a new list that contains the elements of the first list and the sliced elements of the second list.

Method #2 : Using * operator

In this, we use * operator to perform task of packing and unpacking it to new list.

# Python3 code to demonstrate working of 
# Substitute prefix part of List
# Using * operator

# initializing lists
test_list1 = [4, 6, 8, 7]
test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

# printing original lists
print("The original list 1 : " + str(test_list1))
print("The original list 2 : " + str(test_list2))

# * operator reconstructs lists
res = [*test_list1, *test_list2[len(test_list1) : ]]

# printing result 
print("The joined list : " + str(res))

The original list 1 : [4, 6, 8, 7]
The original list 2 : [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]
The joined list : [4, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the longer list (either "test_list1" or "test_list2"). The "*" operator is used to concatenate the lists, which takes linear time proportional to the length of the lists being concatenated.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the length of the combined list "res". 

Method #3 : Using extend()+len()+list slicing

# Python3 code to demonstrate working of
# Substitute prefix part of List
# Using len() + extend()+ list slicing

# initializing lists
test_list1 = [4, 6, 8, 7]
test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

# printing original lists
print("The original list 1 : " + str(test_list1))
print("The original list 2 : " + str(test_list2))

# size slicing after length of list 1
x=len(test_list1)
test_list1.extend(test_list2[x:])

# printing result
print("The joined list : " + str(test_list1))

The original list 1 : [4, 6, 8, 7]
The original list 2 : [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]
The joined list : [4, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Method 4: Using itertools.chain() method

• Import the itertools module.
• Use the chain() method to concatenate the prefix list and the remaining elements of the second list.
• Convert the result into a list.
• Assign the result to a new variable.

# Python3 code to demonstrate working of 
# Substitute prefix part of List
# Using itertools.chain() method

# importing itertools module
import itertools

# initializing lists
test_list1 = [4, 6, 8, 7]
test_list2 = [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

# printing original lists
print("The original list 1 : " + str(test_list1))
print("The original list 2 : " + str(test_list2))

# using itertools.chain() method to substitute prefix
res = list(itertools.chain(test_list1, test_list2[len(test_list1):]))

# printing result
print("The joined list : " + str(res))

The original list 1 : [4, 6, 8, 7]
The original list 2 : [2, 7, 9, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]
The joined list : [4, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8, 6, 4, 1, 10]

Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the second list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), since we're creating a new list to store the result.