Conditional
Statements
in
Python
Conditional Statement is a statement that decides
whether the other statements should be executed
or not.
Usually in Python Programming Language, code
executes in a sequential manner like the first line
will be executed first followed by second line and
so on until the end of the code.
Conditional statements come into picture when we
must decide that a certain part of code should run
only if the condition is True and certain part of
code should run only if the condition is False.
Conditional Statements in Python
if
elif
if-else
nested-if
if statement is used when we must execute a code
block only if a given condition is True.
First the program will evaluate the conditional
expression and will only execute the code block if
the conditional expression is True.
Syntax
if conditional expression:
Statement 1
Statement 2
Indentation in Python
Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code
line.
In other programming languages the indentation in code is
only for readability, but the indentation in Python is very
important.
Python uses indentation to indicate a block of code.
Python will give you an error if you skip the indentation.
You can surround conditional expression with round
brackets.
if (conditional expression):
Statement 1
Statement 2
The number of spaces is up to you, but it has to be at least
one.
You have to use the same number of spaces in the same
block of code, otherwise Python will give you an error.
We can use following operators in conditional expression
of if statement.
elif statement is used when the previous
condition was false.
elif is short for else if.
It allows us to check for multiple expressions.
If the condition of if block is False, it checks
the condition of the next elif block and so on.
Syntax
if conditional expression:
statement1
statement2
elif conditional expression:
statement1
statement2
else statement is used when all the conditions
were False.
Only one block among the several if...elif...else
blocks is executed according to the condition.
The if block can have only one else block, But it can
have multiple elif blocks.
There will be no conditional expression for else
block.
Syntax
if conditional expression:
Body of if
elif conditional expression:
Body of elif
elif conditional expression:
Body of elif
else:
Body of else
if statement inside if statement is called as nested if
statement.
We can have an if...elif...else statement inside another
if...elif...else statement.
Any number of these statements can be nested inside one
another.
Indentation is the only way to figure out the level of
nesting.
we use nested if statement to check multiple conditions.
Python is Object Oriented Programming Language,
so everything in Python is an Object.
The id() function returns an unique id for the
specified object.
All objects in Python has its own unique id.
The id is assigned to the object when it is created.
The id is the object's memory address, and will be
different for each time you run the program.
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare multiple
values.
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional
statements.
Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if
they are equal, but if they are actually the same object,
with the same memory location.
Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is
presented in an object.
Comparison Operator Name
== Equal
!= Not equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
Logical Operator Description
Returns True
and
if both statements are true
Returns True
or
if one of the statements is true
Reverse the result
not
returns False if the result is True
Identity
Description
Operator
Returns True
is if both variables are the same
object
Returns True
is not if both variables are not the same
object
Membership
Description
Operator
Returns True
in if a sequence with the specified
value is present in the object
Returns True
not in if a sequence with the specified
value is not present in the object
Short Hand If Statement
If you have only one if statement to execute, you
can write in one line.
This way of writing conditional statement is known
as Ternary Operator.
