Introduction to Business Analytics
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Introduction to Python Programming
Arithmetic and Boolean Operators
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Objectives
At the end of this topic, you will be able to understand and explain:
Understand the arithmetic operators used in Python
Explain type conversion of variables with examples
Describe the functionalities of Boolean operators
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Arithmetic Operators in Python
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Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
^ Exponent
% Modulus (Remainder from division)
%/% Square Root
round() Round
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Arithmetic Operators - Example
print(2*2)
4
print(2**3)
8
print(10%3)
1
print(1.0/2.0)
0.5
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Arithmetic Operations on Variables - Example
# Arithmetic operations on two variables
a = 20
b=5
print(a)
20
print(b)
5
d=a-b
c=a+b
print(d)
print(c)
15
25
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Arithmetic Operators on Strings - Example
d = "Learn"
mynumber = 23.54
e="" print(round(mynumber))
f = "Python“ 24
g=d+e+f
print(g)
Learn Python
type(g)
Output: str
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Type Conversion
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Type Conversion
The process of converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float, etc.) to another data
type is called type conversion. Python has two types of type conversion
Type Conversion
Implicit Type Explicit Type
Conversion Conversion
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Type Conversion
Python defines type conversion functions to directly convert one data type to another
int() - convert a variable to integer
float() - convert a variable to floating point
str() - convert a variable to string
bool() - convert a variable to boolean (True or False) types
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Type Conversion - Examples
print (1.0/2.0)
0.5
# Convert to integer type and print
print (int(1/2))
0
print (int(3.1415926))
3
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Type Conversion - Examples
# Convert to string type and print
print (str(3.1415926))
3.1415926
# Convert to boolean type and print
print (bool(1))
True
print (bool(0))
False
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Implicit Conversion
In Implicit type conversion, Python automatically converts one data type to another data type.
This process doesn't need any user involvement
Example: Python promotes the conversion of the lower data type (integer) to the higher data
type (float) to avoid data loss
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Implicit Conversion - Example
# Implicit Conversion - Example converting integer to float type
num_int = 123
num_flo = 1.23
num_new = num_int + num_flo
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Implicit Conversion - Example
print("datatype of num_int:",type(num_int))
datatype of num_int: <class 'int’>
print("datatype of num_flo:",type(num_flo))
datatype of num_flo: <class 'float’>
print("Value of num_new:",num_new)
Value of num_new: 124.23
print("datatype of num_new:",type(num_new))
datatype of num_new: <class 'float'>
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Explicit Conversion
Explicit Type Conversion: users convert the data type of an object to required data type
Use predefined functions like int(), float(), str(), etc to perform explicit type conversion
This type of conversion is also called typecasting because the user casts (changes) the data
type of the objects
Syntax :
<required_datatype>(expression)
Typecasting can be done by assigning the required data type function to the expression
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Explicit Conversion - Example
Example: Addition of string and integer using explicit conversion
num_int = 123
num_str = "456"
print("Data type of num_int:",type(num_int))
Data type of num_int: <class 'int’>
print("Data type of num_str before Type Casting:",type(num_str))
Data type of num_str before Type Casting: <class 'str’>
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Explicit Conversion - Example
num_str = int(num_str)
print("Data type of num_str after Type Casting:",type(num_str))
Data type of num_str after Type Casting: <class 'int’>
num_sum = num_int + num_str
print("Sum of num_int and num_str:",num_sum)
print("Data type of the sum:",type(num_sum))
Sum of num_int and num_str: 579
Data type of the sum: <class 'int'>
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Boolean Operators
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Boolean Operators
Boolean arithmetic is the arithmetic of true and false logic
A Boolean or logical value can either be True or False
Boolean values can be manipulated and combined with Boolean operators
Boolean operators in Python include and, or, not
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Boolean Operators - Types
Boolean
Operators
== != (not
or and not
(equivalent) equivalent)
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Boolean Operators - Example
Two variables are assigned the Boolean values True and False. Then these Boolean values
are combined and manipulated with Boolean operators
A = True
B = False
# or operator
print(A or B)
True
# and operator
print(A and B)
False
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Boolean Operators - Example
# not operator
print(not A)
False
print(not B)
True
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Boolean Operators - Example
# equivalent operator
print(A == B)
False
# not equivalent operator
print(A != B)
True
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Boolean Operators - Summary
Summary of Boolean arithmetic and Boolean operators:
A B not A not B A == B A != B A or B A and B
T T F F F T T T
T F F T F T T F
F T T F T F T F
F F T T T F F T
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Summary
Arithmetic operators used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division: + - * / ^ % %% round()
Type conversion is the process of converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float,
etc.) to another data type
Two types of type conversion: Implicit and Explicit
Python has type conversion functions to directly convert one data type to another: int(), float(),
str() and bool()
Explicit Type Conversion: users convert the data type of an object to required data type
A Boolean or logical value can either be True or False
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Additional Resources
McKinney, W. (2013). Python for data analysis. O'Reilly Media.
Lutz, M. (2013). Learning Python: Powerful object-oriented programming. O'Reilly Media.
Summerfield, M. (2010). Programming in Python 3: A complete introduction to the Python
language. Pearson Education India.
Matthes, E. (2019). Python crash course: A hands-on, project-based introduction to
programming (2nd ed.). No Starch Press.
Beazley, D., & Jones, B. K. (2013). Python cookbook: Recipes for mastering Python 3. O'Reilly
Media.
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e-References
Welcome to Python.org. (n.d.). Python.org. https://www.python.org
Introduction to Python. (n.d.). W3Schools Online Web
Tutorials. https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp
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Any Questions?
Thank you
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