Portfolio
Computer science
HSSC II
ATTA UL BAQI MANSOOR
CP2
3367
1
Practical no1: Write a program for each if, if-else and
else-if.
1. If (statement)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
2
2. If-else (statement)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is non-positive." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
3
Output:
4
3. Else-if(statement)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> number;
if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else if (number < 0) {
cout << "The number is negative." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is zero." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
5
Practical no2: Write a program using nested if
statement.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age;
char gender;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> age;
if (age >= 18) {
cout << "Are you male or female? (m/f): ";
cin >> gender;
if (gender == 'm') {
cout << "You are an adult male." << endl;
} else if (gender == 'f') {
cout << "You are an adult female." << endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid gender entry." << endl;
}
} else {
cout << "You are a minor." << endl;
}
return 0;
6
}
Output:
Practical no3: Write a program using switch
statement.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char grade;
cout << "Enter your grade (A, B, C, D, or F): ";
cin >> grade;
7
switch (grade) {
case 'A':
cout << "Excellent! You got an A." << endl;
break;
case 'B':
cout << "Good job! You got a B." << endl;
break;
case 'C':
cout << "Not bad. You got a C." << endl;
break;
case 'D':
cout << "You passed, but aim higher. You got a D." << endl;
break;
case 'F':
cout << "Oops! You failed. You got an F." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid grade entered." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
8
Practical no4: Write a C++ program that uses for loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a for loop:" << endl;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
cout << i << endl;
}
9
return 0;
}
Output:
Practical no5: Write a C++ program that uses while
loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a while loop:" << endl;
int i = 1; // initialization
while (i <= 5) { // condition
cout << i << endl;
10
++i; // increment
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Practical no6: Write a C++ program that uses do while
loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a do-while loop:" << endl;
int i = 1; // initialization
do {
cout << i << endl;
11
++i; // increment
} while (i <= 5); // condition
return 0;
Output:
Practical no7: Write a C++ program which stores
numeric values in a one dimensional array using for
loop and finds the highest, lowest and average values.
12
Output:
13
14
Practical no8: Write a C++ program for adding/
subtracting/ multiplying two integer matrices of the
order up to 4x4.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], mult[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;
cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";
cin >> r1 >> c1;
cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
cin >> r2 >> c2;
while (c1!=r2)
{
cout << "Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.";
cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";
cin >> r1 >> c1;
cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
cin >> r2 >> c2;
}
cout << endl << "Enter elements of matrix 1:" << endl;
for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for(j = 0; j < c1; ++j)
{
cout << "Enter element a" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
cin >> a[i][j];
}
15
cout << endl << "Enter elements of matrix 2:" << endl;
for(i = 0; i < r2; ++i)
for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
{
cout << "Enter element b" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
cin >> b[i][j];
}
for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
{
mult[i][j]=0;
}
for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
for(k = 0; k < c1; ++k)
{
mult[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
cout << endl << "Output Matrix: " << endl;
for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
{
cout << " " << mult[i][j];
if(j == c2-1)
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
16
OUTPUT
17
Practical no9: Write C++ program to perform various
operations on string using string fucntions , i.e. strcpy,
strcat, strlen and strcmp.
18
Output :
19
Practical no10: Write a program involving user
defined function to perform basic arithmetic
operations, i.e. add, subtract, multiply and divide.
20
21
Output :
22
Practical no11: Write a program involving user
defined function to calculate area of circle, triangle
and parallelogram
23
24
25
Output (circle):
Output (triangle):
26
Output (parallelogram):
27
28
Practical no12: Write a program involving use of user
defined function to calculate volume of cylinder,
sphere and cube.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the volume of a cylinder
double cylinderVolume(double radius, double height) {
const double pi = 3.14159;
return pi * radius * radius * height;
}
// Function to calculate the volume of a sphere
double sphereVolume(double radius) {
const double pi = 3.14159;
return (4.0 / 3.0) * pi * radius * radius * radius;
}
// Function to calculate the volume of a cube
double cubeVolume(double side) {
return side * side * side;
}
int main() {
double radius, height, side;
cout << "Enter the radius and height of the cylinder: ";
cin >> radius >> height;
cout << "Volume of the cylinder: " << cylinderVolume(radius, height) << endl;
cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: ";
29
cin >> radius;
cout << "Volume of the sphere: " << sphereVolume(radius) << endl;
cout << "Enter the side of the cube: ";
cin >> side;
cout << "Volume of the cube: " << cubeVolume(side) << endl;
return 0; }
OUTPUT
30
Practical # 13: Write a program involving user defined
function to calculate factorial of a given number.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the factorial of a number
unsigned long long factorial(int num) {
if (num == 0 || num == 1) {
return 1; // Factorial of 0 and 1 is 1
} else {
unsigned long long fact = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= num; i++) {
o fact *= i;
}
return fact;
}
}
int main() {
int number;
cout << "Enter a number to find its factorial: ";
cin >> number;
if (number < 0) {
cout << "Factorial is not defined for negative numbers." << endl;
} else {
unsigned long long result = factorial(number);
cout << "Factorial of " << number << " is: " << result << endl;
}
return 0; }
OUTPUT
31
32
PRACTICAL #14 Write a program involving user
defined function to calculate average of numbers.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the average of numbers
double calculateAverage(int arr[], int size) {
if (size == 0) {
return 0; // Avoid division by zero
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sum += arr[i];
}
return static_cast<double>(sum) / size;
}
int main() {
int numCount;
cout << "Enter the number of elements: ";
cin >> numCount;
if (numCount <= 0) {
cout << "Please enter a valid count of numbers." << endl;
return 1;
}
int numbers[numCount];
cout << "Enter the numbers: ";
for (int i = 0; i < numCount; i++) {
cin >> numbers[i];
}
double average = calculateAverage(numbers, numCount);
cout << "Average of the numbers is: " << average << endl;
33
return 0;
}
PRACTICAL # 15 Write a simple program using & to
return memory address of a variable and storing it in
a pointer variable.
34
Input:
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Declare Variables
int a;
int *pt;
a = 10;
pt = &a;
cout << "\n[a ]:Value of A = " << a;
cout << "\n[*pt]:Value of A = " << *pt;
cout << "\n[&a ]:Address of A = " << &a;
cout << "\n[pt ]:Address of A = " << pt;
cout << "\n[&pt]:Address of pt = " << &pt;
cout << "\n[pt ]:Value of pt = " << pt;
getch();
return 0;
}
35
OUTPUT:
PRACTICAL#16 Write a C++ program that uses
pointer variable.
INPUT:
36
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// declare variables
int var1 = 3;
int var2 = 24;
int var3 = 17;
// print address of var1
cout<<"Address of var1: "<< &var1<< endl;
// print address of var2
cout<<"Address of var2: "<< &var2<< endl;
// print address of var3
cout<<"Address of var3: "<< &var3<< endl;
getch();
}
Output:
37
