Q1.
Installation of Python, and learning interactively at command prompt
and writing simple programs.
1. Installing Python:
Follow these steps to install Python on your computer:
a. Download Python: Go to the official Python website
(https://www.python.org/downloads/) and download the latest version of
Python for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).
b. Run Installer: Once the download is complete, run the installer. Make sure
to check the box that says "Add Python to PATH" during the installation
process. This will allow you to run Python from the command prompt.
c. Verify Installation: Open a command prompt (Windows) or terminal
(macOS/Linux) and type python --version or python3 --version and press Enter.
This should display the version of Python you installed.
2. Learning Interactively and Writing Simple Programs:
Python provides an interactive environment called the Python interpreter or
REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) that you can use to learn and write code
interactively. Here's how to do it:
a. Opening the Python Interpreter:
Open a command prompt (Windows) or terminal (macOS/Linux).
Type python or python3 and press Enter. This will start the Python
interpreter, and you'll see a prompt like >>> where you can enter
Python code.
b. Writing and Running Code:
You can start writing and running Python code directly in the interpreter. For
example:
>>> print("Hello, world!")
Hello, world!
c. Interactive Learning:
You can use the interpreter to experiment with Python features and learn
interactively. Try out different expressions, calculations, and statements. For
example:
>>> name = "Alice"
>>> print("Hello, " + name)
Hello, Alice
d. Exiting the Interpreter:
To exit the Python interpreter, simply type exit() or press Ctrl + Z (Windows)
or Ctrl + D (macOS/Linux).
3. Writing Simple Programs:
You can also write Python programs in separate files and run them using the
command prompt. Here's a simple example:
a. Open a Text Editor:
Open a text editor like Notepad (Windows), TextEdit (macOS), or any code
editor you prefer.
b. Write Your Program:
Write your Python program in the text editor. For example, let's create a
simple program that calculates the sum of two numbers and prints the result:
num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
sum_result = num1 + num2
print("The sum is:", sum_result)
c. Save the File:
Save the file with a .py extension, for example, sum.py.
d. Run the Program:
Open a command prompt or terminal and navigate to the directory where you
saved the sum.py file. Then, run the program by typing python sum.py or python3
sum.py and pressing Enter.
This will execute the program and you'll see the output and any interactions
specified in the code.
Q2. Perform Creation, indexing, slicing, concatenation, and repetition
operations on Python built-in data types: Strings, List, Tuples ,
Dictionary, Set.
# Strings
my_string = "Hello, World!"
print("String:", my_string)
print("Indexing:", my_string[0])
print("Slicing:", my_string[7:])
print("Concatenation:", my_string + " Welcome")
print("Repetition:", my_string * 3)
# Lists
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print("\nList:", my_list)
print("Indexing:", my_list[0])
print("Slicing:", my_list[1:4])
print("Concatenation:", my_list + [6, 7])
print("Repetition:", my_list * 2)
# Tuples
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30)
print("\nTuple:", my_tuple)
print("Indexing:", my_tuple[0])
print("Slicing:", my_tuple[1:])
print("Concatenation:", my_tuple + (40, 50))
# Dictionaries
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}
print("\nDictionary:", my_dict)
print("Indexing:", my_dict["name"])
new_data = {"gender": "Female"}
my_dict.update(new_data)
print("Updated Dictionary:", my_dict)
# Sets
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print("\nSet:", my_set)
print("Membership:", 3 in my_set)
new_set = my_set | {6, 7}
print("Union:", new_set)
Output :-
String: Hello, World!
Indexing: H
Slicing: World!
Concatenation: Hello, World! Welcome
Repetition: Hello, World!Hello, World!Hello, World!
List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Indexing: 1
Slicing: [2, 3, 4]
Concatenation: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Repetition: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Tuple: (10, 20, 30)
Indexing: 10
Slicing: (20, 30)
Concatenation: (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
Dictionary: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}
Indexing: Alice
Updated Dictionary: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York', 'gender':
'Female'}
Set: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Membership: True
Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Q3. Solve problems using decision and looping statements.
import random
# Generate a random number between 1 and 100
target_number = random.randint(1, 100)
print("Welcome to the Number Guessing Game!")
print("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Can you guess it?")
attempts = 0
max_attempts = 10
while attempts < max_attempts:
guess = int(input("Enter your guess: "))
attempts += 1
if guess < target_number:
print("Too low.")
elif guess > target_number:
print("Too high.")
else:
print(f"Congratulations! You've guessed the number {target_number} in
{attempts} attempts.")
break
if attempts == max_attempts and guess != target_number:
print(f"Sorry, you've used all {max_attempts} attempts. The number was
{target_number}.")
Output :-
Welcome to the Number Guessing Game!
I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Can you guess it?
Enter your guess: 51
Too low.
Enter your guess: 787
Too high.
Enter your guess: 0
Too low.
Q4. Handle numerical operations using math and random number
functions.
import math
import random
# Calculate the area of a circle
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = math.pi * math.pow(radius, 2)
print(f"The area of the circle with radius {radius} is {area:.2f}")
# Generate a random integer between 1 and 100
random_number = random.randint(1, 100)
print("Random Number:", random_number)
# Calculate the square root of a random number
random_sqrt = math.sqrt(random_number)
print(f"The square root of the random number {random_number} is
{random_sqrt:.2f}")
Output :-
Enter the radius of the circle: 5
The area of the circle with radius 5.0 is 78.54
Random Number: 55
The square root of the random number 55 is 7.42
Q5. Create user-defined functions with different types of function
arguments.
# Positional Arguments
def greet(name, age):
print(f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.")
# Default Argument
def calculate_area(base, height=5):
area = 0.5 * base * height
return area
# Variable-Length Arguments
def add_numbers(*args):
total = sum(args)
return total
# Keyword Arguments
def person_info(name, age, city):
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, City: {city}")
# Mix of Different Argument Types
def describe_person(name, age, *hobbies, city="Unknown"):
print(f"Name: {name}, Age: {age}, City: {city}")
print("Hobbies:", hobbies)
# Calling the functions
greet("Alice", 30)
area = calculate_area(10)
print(f"Area with default height: {area}")
area_custom = calculate_area(10, 8)
print(f"Area with custom height: {area_custom}")
sum_result = add_numbers(1, 2, 3)
print("Sum of numbers:", sum_result)
person_info(name="Bob", age=25, city="Los Angeles")
describe_person("Charlie", 40, "Coding", "Traveling", city="San Francisco")
Output :-
Name: Bob, Age: 25, City: Los Angeles
Name: Charlie, Age: 40, City: San Francisco
Hobbies: ('Coding', 'Traveling')
Q6. Perform File manipulations- open, close, read, write, append and
copy from one file to another.
# Opening a file in write mode and writing content
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, this is some text.\n")
file.write("Welcome to file manipulation in Python.\n")
# Reading content from the file
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print("Read content:\n", content)
# Appending content to the file
with open("example.txt", "a") as file:
file.write("Appending new line.\n")
# Copying content from one file to another
with open("example.txt", "r") as source_file:
content = source_file.read()
with open("copy.txt", "w") as dest_file:
dest_file.write(content)
print("Copying content from example.txt to copy.txt.")
# Reading the copied content
with open("copy.txt", "r") as file:
copied_content = file.read()
print("Copied content:\n", copied_content)
Output:-
Read content:
Hello, this is some text.
Welcome to file manipulation in Python.
Copying content from example.txt to copy.txt.
Copied content:
Hello, this is some text.
Welcome to file manipulation in Python.
Appending new line.
Q7. Matrix addition, multiplications, and unity matrix.
def print_matrix(matrix):
for row in matrix:
print(row)
def add_matrices(matrix1, matrix2):
result = []
for i in range(len(matrix1)):
row = []
for j in range(len(matrix1[0])):
row.append(matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j])
result.append(row)
return result
def multiply_matrices(matrix1, matrix2):
result = []
for i in range(len(matrix1)):
row = []
for j in range(len(matrix2[0])):
value = 0
for k in range(len(matrix2)):
value += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j]
row.append(value)
result.append(row)
return result
def identity_matrix(n):
identity = []
for i in range(n):
row = [0] * n
row[i] = 1
identity.append(row)
return identity
# Example matrices
matrix_A = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
matrix_B = [[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]]
print("Matrix A:")
print_matrix(matrix_A)
print("\nMatrix B:")
print_matrix(matrix_B)
# Matrix Addition
result_addition = add_matrices(matrix_A, matrix_B)
print("\nMatrix Addition:")
print_matrix(result_addition)
# Matrix Multiplication
result_multiplication = multiply_matrices(matrix_A, matrix_B)
print("\nMatrix Multiplication:")
print_matrix(result_multiplication)
# Identity Matrix
n = 3 # Size of identity matrix
identity = identity_matrix(n)
print("\nIdentity Matrix:")
print_matrix(identity)
Output:-
Matrix A:
[1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
[7, 8, 9]
Matrix B:
[9, 8, 7]
[6, 5, 4]
[3, 2, 1]
Matrix Addition:
[10, 10, 10]
[10, 10, 10]
[10, 10, 10]
Matrix Multiplication:
[30, 24, 18]
[84, 69, 54]
[138, 114, 90]
Identity Matrix:
[1, 0, 0]
[0, 1, 0]
[0, 0, 1]
Q8. Text processing using python , Import a CSV file and perform various
Statistical and Comparison operations on rows/column.
# importing csv module
import csv
# csv file name
filename = "aapl.csv"
# initializing the titles and rows list
fields = []
rows = []
# reading csv file
with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
# creating a csv reader object
csvreader = csv.reader(csvfile)
# extracting field names through first row
fields = next(csvreader)
# extracting each data row one by one
for row in csvreader:
rows.append(row)
# get total number of rows
print("Total no. of rows: %d"%(csvreader.line_num))
# printing the field names
print('Field names are:' + ', '.join(field for field in fields))
# printing first 5 rows
print('\nFirst 5 rows are:\n')
for row in rows[:5]:
# parsing each column of a row
for col in row:
print("%10s"%col,end=" "),
print('\n')
Output :-
Total no. of rows: 185
Field names are: Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Adj Close, Volume
First 5 rows are:
2014-09-29 100.589996 100.690002 98.040001 99.620003 93.514290
142718700
2014-10-06 99.949997 102.379997 98.309998 100.730003 94.556244
280258200
2014-10-13 101.330002 101.779999 95.180000 97.669998 91.683792
358539800
2014-10-20 98.320000 105.489998 98.220001 105.220001 98.771042
358532900
2014-10-27 104.849998 108.040001 104.699997 108.000000 101.380676
220230600
