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JavaScript Strings
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Strings are for storing text
Strings are written with quotes
Using Quotes
A JavaScript string is zero or more characters written inside quotes.
Example
let text = "John Doe";
Try it Yourself »
You can use single or double quotes:
Example
let carName1 = "Volvo XC60"; // Double quotes
let carName2 = 'Volvo XC60'; // Single quotes
Try it Yourself »
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Note
Strings created with single or double quotes works the same.
There is no difference between the two.
Quotes Inside Quotes
You can use quotes inside a string, as long as they don't match the quotes surrounding the string:
Example
let answer1 = "It's alright";
let answer2 = "He is called 'Johnny'";
let answer3 = 'He is called "Johnny"';
Try it Yourself »
Template Strings
Templates were introduced with ES6 (JavaScript 2016).
Templates are strings enclosed in backticks (`This is a template string`).
Templates allow single and double quotes inside a string:
Example
let text = `He's often called "Johnny"`;
Try it Yourself »
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Note
Templates are not supported in Internet Explorer.
String Length
To find the length of a string, use the built-in length property:
Example
let text = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
let length = text.length;
Try it Yourself »
Escape Characters
Because strings must be written within quotes, JavaScript will misunderstand this string:
let text = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.";
The string will be chopped to "We are the so-called ".
To solve this problem, you can use an backslash escape character.
The backslash escape character ( \ ) turns special characters into string characters:
Code Result Description
\' Tutorials
'
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Single quote
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\" " Double quote
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\\ \ Backslash
Examples
\" inserts a double quote in a string:
let text = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north.";
Try it Yourself »
\' inserts a single quote in a string:
let text= 'It\'s alright.';
Try it Yourself »
\\ inserts a backslash in a string:
let text = "The character \\ is called backslash.";
Try it Yourself »
Six other escape sequences are valid in JavaScript:
Code Result
\b Backspace
\f Form Feed
\n New Line
\r Carriage Return
\t Horizontal Tabulator
\v Vertical Tabulator
NoteTutorials
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HTML CSS characters
The 6 escape JAVASCRIPT SQL
above were PYTHON
originally JAVA
designed to PHP HOW
control typewriters, TO
teletypes, W3.CSS
and C
fax machines. C++
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do not make any sense in HTML.
Breaking Long Lines
For readability, programmers often like to avoid long code lines.
A safe way to break up a statement is after an operator:
Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
"Hello Dolly!";
Try it Yourself »
A safe way to break up a string is by using string addition:
Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello " +
"Dolly!";
Try it Yourself »
Template Strings
Templates were introduced with ES6 (JavaScript 2016).
Templates are strings enclosed in backticks (`This is a template string`).
Templates allow multiline strings:
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Example
let text =
`The quick
brown fox
jumps over
the lazy dog`;
Try it Yourself »
Note
Templates are not supported in Internet Explorer.
JavaScript Strings as Objects
Normally, JavaScript strings are primitive values, created from literals:
let x = "John";
But strings can also be defined as objects with the keyword new :
let y = new String("John");
Example
let x = "John";
let y = new String("John");
Try it Yourself »
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Do not create Strings objects.
The new keyword complicates the code and slows down execution speed.
String objects can produce unexpected results:
When using the == operator, x and y are equal:
let x = "John";
let y = new String("John");
Try it Yourself »
When using the === operator, x and y are not equal:
let x = "John";
let y = new String("John");
Try it Yourself »
Note the difference between (x==y) and (x===y) .
(x == y) true or false?
let x = new String("John");
let y = new String("John");
Try it Yourself »
(x ===Tutorials Exercises
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let x = new String("John");
let y = new String("John");
Try it Yourself »
Comparing two JavaScript objects always returns false.
Complete String Reference
For a complete String reference, go to our:
Complete JavaScript String Reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all string properties and methods.
Test Yourself With Exercises
Exercise:
Use the length property to alert the length of txt .
let txt = "Hello World!";
let x = ;
alert(x);
Submit Answer »
Start the Exercise
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