Advanced Python Programming Guide
Introduction to Advanced Python
This guide covers advanced Python concepts, including decorators, generators, context managers,
and more.
1. Decorators
- Decorators allow you to modify the behavior of a function or class.
Example:
def decorator_function(original_function):
def wrapper_function():
print('Wrapper executed before {}'.format(original_function.__name__))
return original_function()
return wrapper_function
@decorator_function
def display():
return 'Display function executed.'
print(display())
2. Generators
- Generators allow you to iterate over data without storing it in memory, using the 'yield' keyword.
Example:
def generate_numbers():
for i in range(5):
yield i
for number in generate_numbers():
print(number)
3. Context Managers
- Context managers allow you to allocate and release resources precisely when you want to.
Example:
with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write('Hello, Advanced World!')
4. List Comprehensions
- A concise way to create lists using a single line of code.
Example:
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
print(squares)
5. Error Handling
- Using try and except blocks to handle exceptions.
Example:
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print('Error:', e)
6. Multi-threading
- Running multiple threads (tasks, function calls) at once.
Example:
import threading
def print_numbers():
for i in range(5):
print(i)
thread = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)
thread.start()
7. Regular Expressions
- Using the 're' module to work with regex patterns.
Example:
import re
pattern = r'\d+'
text = 'There are 2 apples and 3 oranges.'
numbers = re.findall(pattern, text)
print(numbers)
8. Working with APIs
- Using the 'requests' library to interact with web APIs.
Example:
import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
print(response.json())
9. Conclusion
- Continue exploring advanced topics such as asynchronous programming, metaclasses, and data
science libraries.
