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SQL Data Types for

MySQL, SQL
Server, and MS
Access
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The data type of a column defines what value

the column can hold: integer, character, money,
date and time, binary, and so on.

SQL Data Types

Each column in a database table is required to
have a name and a data type.

An SQL developer must decide what type of data

that will be stored inside each column when
creating a table. The data type is a guideline for
SQL to understand what type of data is expected
inside of each column, and it also identifies how
SQL will interact with the stored data.
Note: Data types might have different names in
different database. And even if the name is the
same, the size and other details may be different!
Always check the documentation!

MySQL Data Types

(Version 8.0)
In MySQL there are three main data types: string,
numeric, and date and time.

String Data Types

Data type Description

CHAR(size) A FIXED length string (can

contain letters, numbers,
and special characters). The
size parameter specifies the
column length in characters
- can be from 0 to 255.
Default is 1

VARCHAR(size) A VARIABLE length string

(can contain letters,
numbers, and special
characters). The size
parameter specifies the
maximum string length in
characters - can be from 0
to 65535

BINARY(size) Equal to CHAR(), but stores

binary byte strings. The size
parameter specifies the
column length in bytes.
Default is 1

VARBINARY(size) Equal to VARCHAR(), but

stores binary byte strings.
 stores binary byte strings.
The size parameter
specifies the maximum
column length in bytes.

TINYBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large

Objects). Max length: 255
bytes

TINYTEXT Holds a string with a

maximum length of 255
characters

TEXT(size) Holds a string with a

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SQL Tutorial BLOB(size) For BLOBs (Binary Large

Objects). Holds up to
SQL HOME
65,535 bytes of data
SQL Intro
SQL Syntax MEDIUMTEXT Holds a string with a
SQL Select maximum length of
SQL Select Distinct 16,777,215 characters

SQL Where
MEDIUMBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large
SQL Order By Objects). Holds up to
SQL And 16,777,215 bytes of data
SQL Or
LONGTEXT Holds a string with a
SQL Not
maximum length of
SQL Insert Into
4,294,967,295 characters
SQL Null Values
SQL Update LONGBLOB For BLOBs (Binary Large
SQL Delete Objects). Holds up to
SQL Select Top 4,294,967,295 bytes of
data
SQL Aggregate Functions
SQL Min and Max
SQL Count ENUM(val1, val2, A string object that can
val3, ...) have only one value,
SQL Sum
chosen from a list of
SQL Avg
possible values. You can list
SQL Like
up to 65535 values in an
SQL Wildcards ENUM list. If a value is
SQL In inserted that is not in the
SQL Between list, a blank value will be
 SQL Between list, a blank value will be
SQL Aliases inserted. The values are
SQL Joins sorted in the order you
enter them
SQL Inner Join
SQL Left Join SET(val1, val2, A string object that can
SQL Right Join val3, ...) have 0 or more values,
SQL Full Join chosen from a list of
SQL Self Join possible values. You can list
up to 64 values in a SET list
SQL Union
SQL Group By
SQL Having
Numeric Data Types
SQL Exists
SQL Any, All
SQL Select Into Data type Description
SQL Insert Into Select
BIT(size) A bit-value type. The
SQL Case
number of bits per value is
SQL Null Functions specified in size. The size
SQL Stored Procedures parameter can hold a value
SQL Comments from 1 to 64. The default
value for size is 1.
SQL Operators
TINYINT(size) A very small integer.
SQL Database Signed range is from -128
SQL Create DB to 127. Unsigned range is
from 0 to 255. The size
SQL Drop DB
parameter specifies the
SQL Backup DB
maximum display width
SQL Create Table
(which is 255)
SQL Drop Table
SQL Alter Table BOOL Zero is considered as false,
SQL Constraints nonzero values are
considered as true.
SQL Not Null
SQL Unique BOOLEAN Equal to BOOL
SQL Primary Key
SQL Foreign Key SMALLINT(size) A small integer. Signed
range is from -32768 to
SQL Check
32767. Unsigned range is
SQL Default
from 0 to 65535. The size
SQL Index parameter specifies the
SQL Auto Increment maximum display width
SQL Dates (which is 255)
SQL Views
 SQL Views
MEDIUMINT(size) A medium integer. Signed
SQL Injection
range is from -8388608 to
SQL Hosting
8388607. Unsigned range
SQL Data Types is from 0 to 16777215. The
size parameter specifies the
SQL References maximum display width
SQL Keywords (which is 255)

MySQL Functions  INT(size) A medium integer. Signed
SQL Server Functions  range is from -2147483648
MS Access Functions  to 2147483647. Unsigned
SQL Quick Ref range is from 0 to
4294967295. The size
SQL Examples parameter specifies the
maximum display width
SQL Examples
(which is 255)
SQL Editor
SQL Quiz INTEGER(size) Equal to INT(size)
SQL Exercises
BIGINT(size) A large integer. Signed
SQL Server
range is from
SQL Bootcamp -9223372036854775808 to
SQL Certificate 9223372036854775807.
Unsigned range is from 0 to
18446744073709551615.
The size parameter
specifies the maximum
display width (which is
255)

FLOAT(size, d) A floating point number.

The total number of digits
is specified in size. The
number of digits after the
decimal point is specified in
the d parameter. This
syntax is deprecated in
MySQL 8.0.17, and it will
be removed in future
MySQL versions

FLOAT(p) A floating point number.

MySQL uses the p value to
determine whether to use
FLOAT or DOUBLE for the
 FLOAT or DOUBLE for the
resulting data type. If p is
from 0 to 24, the data type
becomes FLOAT(). If p is
from 25 to 53, the data
type becomes DOUBLE()

DOUBLE(size, d) A normal-size floating point

number. The total number
of digits is specified in size.
The number of digits after
the decimal point is
specified in the d
parameter

DOUBLE
PRECISION(size,
d)

DECIMAL(size, d) An exact fixed-point

number. The total number
of digits is specified in size.
The number of digits after
the decimal point is
specified in the d
parameter. The maximum
number for size is 65. The
maximum number for d is
30. The default value for
size is 10. The default value
for d is 0.

DEC(size, d) Equal to DECIMAL(size,d)

Note: All the numeric data types may have an

extra option: UNSIGNED or ZEROFILL. If you add
the UNSIGNED option, MySQL disallows negative
values for the column. If you add the ZEROFILL
option, MySQL automatically also adds the
UNSIGNED attribute to the column.

Date and Time Data Types

Data type Description

DATE A date. Format: YYYY-MM-

DD. The supported range is
from '1000-01-01' to '9999-
12-31'

DATETIME(fsp) A date and time

combination. Format: YYYY-
MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The
supported range is from
'1000-01-01 00:00:00' to
'9999-12-31 23:59:59'.
Adding DEFAULT and ON
UPDATE in the column
definition to get automatic
initialization and updating to
the current date and time

TIMESTAMP(fsp) A timestamp. TIMESTAMP

values are stored as the
number of seconds since the
Unix epoch ('1970-01-01
00:00:00' UTC). Format:
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The
supported range is from
'1970-01-01 00:00:01' UTC
to '2038-01-09 03:14:07'
UTC. Automatic initialization
and updating to the current
date and time can be
specified using DEFAULT
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and
ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in the
column definition

TIME(fsp) A time. Format: hh:mm:ss.

The supported range is from
'-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'

YEAR A year in four-digit format.

Values allowed in four-digit
format: 1901 to 2155, and
0000.
 MySQL 8.0 does not support
year in two-digit format.

1. SQL Commands List

2. I Need Money Today

Types of Data in a
3.
Database

SQL Server Data Types

String Data Types

Data type Description Max size Stora

char(n) Fixed width 8,000 Define

character characters width
string

varchar(n) Variable 8,000 2 byte

width characters +
character numbe
string of cha

varchar(max) Variable 1,073,741,824 2 byte

width characters +
character numbe
string of cha

text Variable 2GB of text 4 byte

width data +
character numbe

string of cha
 string of cha

nchar Fixed width 4,000 Define

Unicode characters width
string 2

nvarchar Variable 4,000

width characters
Unicode
string

nvarchar(max) Variable 536,870,912

width characters
Unicode
string

ntext Variable 2GB of text

width data
Unicode
string

binary(n) Fixed width 8,000 bytes

binary string

varbinary Variable 8,000 bytes

width binary
string

varbinary(max) Variable 2GB

width binary
string

image Variable 2GB

width binary
string

Numeric Data Types

Data type Description Storage

bit Integer that can be 0, 1, or

NULL

tinyint Allows whole numbers from 1 byte

0 to 255
 0 to 255

smallint Allows whole numbers 2 bytes

between -32,768 and 32,767

int Allows whole numbers 4 bytes

between -2,147,483,648
and 2,147,483,647

bigint Allows whole numbers 8 bytes

between
-9,223,372,036,854,775,808
and
9,223,372,036,854,775,807

decimal(p,s) Fixed precision and scale 5-17

numbers. bytes

Allows numbers from

-10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates

the maximum total number
of digits that can be stored
(both to the left and to the
right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to
38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates

the maximum number of
digits stored to the right of
the decimal point. s must be
a value from 0 to p. Default
value is 0

numeric(p,s) Fixed precision and scale 5-17

numbers. bytes

Allows numbers from

-10^38 +1 to 10^38 –1.

The p parameter indicates

the maximum total number
of digits that can be stored
(both to the left and to the
 (both to the left and to the
right of the decimal point). p
must be a value from 1 to
38. Default is 18.

The s parameter indicates

the maximum number of
digits stored to the right of
the decimal point. s must be
a value from 0 to p. Default
value is 0

smallmoney Monetary data from 4 bytes

-214,748.3648 to
214,748.3647

money Monetary data from 8 bytes

-922,337,203,685,477.5808
to
922,337,203,685,477.5807

float(n) Floating precision number 4 or 8

data from -1.79E + 308 to bytes
1.79E + 308.

The n parameter indicates

whether the field should hold
4 or 8 bytes. float(24) holds
a 4-byte field and float(53)
holds an 8-byte field. Default
value of n is 53.

real Floating precision number 4 bytes

data from -3.40E + 38 to
3.40E + 38

Date and Time Data Types

Data type Description Storage

datetime From January 1, 8 bytes

1753 to December
 1753 to December
31, 9999 with an
accuracy of 3.33
milliseconds

datetime2 From January 1, 6-8

0001 to December bytes
31, 9999 with an
accuracy of 100
nanoseconds

smalldatetime From January 1, 4 bytes

1900 to June 6,
2079 with an
accuracy of 1
minute

date Store a date only. 3 bytes

From January 1,

0001 to December
31, 9999

time Store a time only to 3-5

an accuracy of 100 bytes
nanoseconds

datetimeoffset The same as 8-10

datetime2 with the bytes
addition of a time
zone offset

timestamp Stores a unique

number that gets
updated every time
a row gets created
or modified. The
timestamp value is
based upon an
internal clock and
does not
correspond to real
time. Each table
may have only one
timestamp variable
Other Data Types

Data type Description

sql_variant Stores up to 8,000 bytes of

data of various data types,
except text, ntext, and
timestamp

uniqueidentifier Stores a globally unique

identifier (GUID)

xml Stores XML formatted data.

Maximum 2GB

cursor Stores a reference to a cursor

used for database operations

table Stores a result-set for later

processing

MS Access Data Types

Data type Description Storage

Text Use for text or

combinations of text
and numbers. 255
characters maximum

Memo Memo is used for

larger amounts of
text. Stores up to
65,536 characters.
Note: You cannot
sort a memo field.
However, they are
searchable

Byte Allows whole numbers 1 byte

Byte Allows whole numbers 1 byte
from 0 to 255

Integer Allows whole numbers 2 bytes

between -32,768 and
32,767

Long Allows whole numbers 4 bytes

between
-2,147,483,648 and
2,147,483,647

Single Single precision 4 bytes

floating-point. Will
handle most decimals

Double Double precision 8 bytes

floating-point. Will
handle most decimals

Currency Use for currency. 8 bytes

Holds up to 15 digits
of whole dollars, plus
4 decimal places. Tip:
You can choose which
country's currency to
use

AutoNumber AutoNumber fields 4 bytes

automatically give
each record its own
number, usually

starting at 1

Date/Time Use for dates and 8 bytes

times

Yes/No A logical field can be 1 bit

displayed as Yes/No,
True/False, or On/Off.
In code, use the
constants True and
False (equivalent to
-1 and 0). Note: Null
values are not
allowed in Yes/No
 fields

Ole Object Can store pictures, up to

audio, video, or other 1GB
BLOBs (Binary Large
Objects)

Hyperlink Contain links to other

files, including web
pages

Lookup Let you type a list of 4 bytes

Wizard options, which can
then be chosen from
a drop-down list

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