Classes and
Objects in Python
By: Daisy E. Robles
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP)
Definition:
OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”.
Key Concepts:
Classes, Objects, Methods, Attributes
2
What is a Class?
Definition:
A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
Syntax:
class ClassName:
# class attributes and methods
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What is an Object?
Definition:
An object is an instance of a class.
Example:
obj = ClassName()
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Attributes and Methods
Attributes: Variables that belong to a class.
Methods: Functions that belong to a class.
Example:
class Dog:
def__init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def bark(self):
print("Woof!")
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The __init__ Method
Purpose: Initializes the object’s attributes.
Example:
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
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Creating Objects
Example:
p1 = Person("John", 36)
print(p1.name) # Output: John
print(p1.age) # Output: 36
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Inheritance
Definition: A mechanism for creating a new class using details of an existing class.
Example:
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, student_id):
super().__init__(name, age)
self.student_id = student_id
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Polymorphism
Definition: The ability to use a common interface for multiple forms (data types).
Example:
class Cat:
def sound(self):
return "Meow"
class Dog:
def sound(self):
return "Woof"
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Encapsulation
Definition: The bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.
Example:
class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model):
self.__make = make
self.__model = model
def get_make(self):
return self.__make
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Conclusion
Summary: Recap of key points about classes and objects.
Q&A: Open the floor for questions.
11
References
Sources:
https://www.w3schools.com/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
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