Operators in JAVA
We now know …
• Character sets in JAVA
• UNICODE ,ASCII code
• Escape sequences
• Token and its types(keywords, literals, identifiers,
punctuators, operators)
• Variables (initialisation)[ Qs. how is static and dynamic
initialisation different?)
• Data types in JAVA(Qs. integers are primitive type or non
primitive type?)
• Type conversion(implicit, explicit)
Scope of this chapter
• Arithmetic expression , statement
• Operators(unary, binary, ternary)
• Increment, decrement, postfix, prefix
• New operator ,invoking members of class by dot operator
• Output statement
• Hierarchy of operators
Operators and Arithmetical expression
• A symbol or token performing arithmetical or logical operations ->gives meaningful
result
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION
VARIABLES CONSTANTS
OPERATORS
x,y ,a,b +,-,*
2,15,4
• A combination of them makes an expression
• x+y ,m-20,b*b + c*a ,a*a + b*b are all expressions
• Arithmetic Statement: when expression is assigned a variable (m=x+y;p=m-
20;k=b*b+c*a)
• Operands are connected by operators to give an expression
Forms of operators
• Unary: operator applied to single operand
❑x++,x--,--p,++p
• Binary: applied to two operands
❑a+b ->addition on operand a and b
❑a*b->returns the product of a and b
• Ternary(conditional assignments):deal with three operands,
contains a logical expression
Unary operator
• (+) operator :
❑If a =8,+a results in 8,if a =-10,+a results in -10
➢(-) operator :
❑If a =4 ,then –a =-4 ,if a=-0,then –a=0,if a=-3.6 then –a=3.6
➢INCREMENT and DECREMENT
❑(++)increases value of operand by one
❑(--) decreases value of operand by one
❑Examples : →x=x+1 can be written as x++(postfix) or ++x(prefix)
❑→x=x-1 can be written as x– -(postfix) or – -x (prefix)
Prefix ,Postfix
• Before action/prefix : before operation value will change
➢p=5;
p= ++p*4;
Step 1:p=5
Step2:p=5+1=6
Step3:p=6*4=24(output)
• After action/postfix: after operation value changes
➢p=5;
➢c=p++*4;
➢Step1:p=5;
➢Step2:p++*4=20(output)
➢Step3 :p=5+1=6;
Arithmetic
short-hand
Assignment
operations
Let us solve!!
• Example1:if p=5;find q=++p+5;
▪ ++p =6
▪ So, q=6+5=11
• Example2:if a=48,find a=a++ + ++a;
▪ a++ will remain 48 ,
▪ then a =49 ,then ++a=49+1=50
▪ Finally, a=48+50=98
• Example3:if a=8;find a- = ++a + a++ + 4;
▪ a-=b means ,a =a-b ,so a=a- (++a + a++ + 4);
▪ 8-(9 + 9+4)=8-22=-14
Types of Binary Operators
Binary Arithmetic Operators
• If a=10 and B =20 ,then …
• In a program ,the expression has to be written in to JAVA expression ,such as
• Relational operators : These show relation between the operands, such as true
or false
Relational operators in JAVA
• The program gives output according to condition
Logical operators
• Operators like AND ,OR , NOT are used as logic
• True or false output is given depending upon the outcome of
expressions
• If all logic are together ,NOT will
perform first
Ternary operators
• Deals with three operands
• The variable value /output depends upon a logical expression
• Variable=(test expression)?Expression1:Expression2
Rewrite as ternary operator
• If (a>b)
{
d=(a-b);
else
d=(b-a);
}
Answer: d=(a>b)?(a-b): (b-a)
• QS 2 .If int c =(3<4)? 3*4:3+4 What is the output???
• 3<4 so it is true ,so we go to expression1 ,which is 3*4 =12 ,so output =12
RECAP !
• If a=10 and b=6,what is a/b and a% b ?
• If m=12,then find n=m++ *5+ --m ???
• How do you write p=a2+ bc as java expression?
• How unary is different from binary operator?
