What are Data types
Data types define the type of value a variable can hold in a programming
language.
They determine the operations that can be performed on the data.
In python , type() function is used to check the data type of a variable or value.
1. Numeric
It represent the data that has a numeric value.
A numeric value can be an integer, a floating number or a complex number.
Integers (int): Whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length
Float (float): Floating point numbers
Complex Numbers (complex): Numbers with real and imaginary parts
x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 3+4 j # complex
Print(type(x) <class ‘int’>
print(type(y)) <class ‘float’>
print(type(z)) <class ‘complex’>
2. Boolean
Boolean has only two values that is "True" or "False"
Boolean data type is represented as "bool"
a=True
type(a)
<class ‘bool’>
3. String
Collection of one or more characters put in a single quote, double quote or triple quote
String data type is represented as 'str'
a = "Hello"
b = ‘Hello’
c = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string
a = "Hello, World!"
print(a[0])
capitalize() Converts the first character to upper
case
casefold() Converts string into lower case
count() Returns the number of times a specified
value occurs in a string
endswith() Returns true if the string ends with the
specified value
isalnum() Returns True if all characters in the
string are alphanumeric
isalpha() Returns True if all characters in the
string are in the alphabet
isdigit() Returns True if all characters in the
string are digits
islower() Returns True if all characters in the
string are lower case
isnumeric() Returns True if all characters in the
string are numeric
4. List
It can hold collection of items. Defined by enclosing a comma-
seperated sequence of elements within square brackets.
They are ordered, index based, mutable and allow duplicate values
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist[1])
print(thislist[-1])
To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(thislist)
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "mango"]
thislist[1:3] = ["blackcurrant", "watermelon"]
print(thislist)
To add an item to the end of the list, use the append() method:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)
They are ordered, index based, mutable and allow duplicate values
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist[1])
print(thislist[-1])
To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(thislist)
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "mango"]
thislist[1:3] = ["blackcurrant", "watermelon"]
print(thislist)
5. Tuple
It can hold collection of items. Defined by enclosing a comma-
seperated sequence of elements within round brackets.
Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple)
One item tuple, remember the comma:
thistuple = ("apple",)
print(type(thistuple))
#NOT a tuple
thistuple = ("apple")
print(type(thistuple))
To change tuple values
x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
y = list(x)
y[1] = "kiwi"
x = tuple(y)
print(x)
To add items:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
y = list(thistuple)
y.append("orange")
thistuple = tuple(y)
Or
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
y = ("orange",)
thistuple += y
print(thistuple)
To join two or more tuples you can use the + operator:
tuple1 = ("a", "b" , "c")
tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)
tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2
print(tuple3)
To multiply the content of a tuple a given number of times, you can use the * operator:
fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
mytuple = fruits * 2
print(mytuple)
count() Returns the number of times a
specified value occurs in a tuple
index() Searches the tuple for a specified
value and returns the position of
where it was found
6. Dictionary
Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs.
A dictionary is a collection which is ordered, changeable and do not allow
duplicates.
Dictionaries are written with curly brackets
Use the dict() constructor to make a dictionary
thisdict = dict(name = "John", age = 36, country = "Norway")
print(thisdict)
thisdict = {
"name": "maya",
"age": "20",
"id": 1964
}
print(thisdict["age"])
7. Set
Sets are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
A set is a collection which is unordered, unchangeable, unindexed and do not allow
duplicate values.
Sets are written with curly brackets.
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(thisset)
Cannot access items in a set by referring to an index or a key.But can loop through the
set items using a for loop.
thisset = {“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”}
for x in thisset:
print(x)
add() – Adds an element to the set
myset ={“a”, “b”, “c”}
myset.add(“d”)
print(myset)
clear() – Removes all the elements from the set
copy() – Returns a copy of the set
Union() - | - Return a set containing the union of sets
people = {“Jay”, “Idrish”, “Archil”}
vampires = {“Karan”, “Arjun”}
population = people.union(vampires)
OR
population = people|vampires
Intersection() - & - Returns a set, that is the intersection of two other
sets
difference() - - - Returns a set containing the difference between
two or more sets
remove() – Removes the specified element
