Lecture 2 str1= "I love Pakistan.

\nI lives in lahore"

str2= 'I am awais'
str3= """I love Pakistan"""
print(str1)
print(str2)
print(str1 + str2)
• \n endline
• \t tab space
• Concatenate str1 + str2 str1= "I love Pakistan.”
Print (len(str1))
• Len(str)
str1= "I love Pakistan."
• We can only access index ,,, no changes.print (len(str1))
ch = str1[0]
print (ch)
• Slicing:
• str str1= "Pakistan"
print (len(str1))
str2= str1[0:]
print (str2)
str2= str1[:5]
print (str2)
 str1= "pakistan"
str1= "pakistan" Print(str1.capitalize())

print (len(str1))

str2= str1[-5:-1]

print (str2)

print(str1.endswith("aan"))
• str1= "pakistan is is my homeland"
• print (str1.capitalize())
• print (str1.replace("pakistan", "lahore"))
• print (str1.find("is"))
• print (str1.count("is"))
• a = input("enter your name")
• print(a)
• print(len(a))
• print(str1.find("pa"))
If elif age = 19 light = "orange" marks = 30
if(age > 18): if(light == "green"): if(marks >=90):
else print("hi") print("run") print("Grade A")
elif(light == "red"): elif(90>marks>=80):
print("stop") print("Grade B")

marks = int(input("enter marks elif(light == "yellow"): elif(80>marks>=70):

of the student")) print("ready") print("Grade C")
#marks= 12
else: else:
if(marks >=90):
print("not working") print("marks below
Grade = "A"
elif(marks >=80 and marks < 90): 70")
Grade = "B"
elif(marks >=70 and marks < 80):
Grade = "C"
else:
Grade = "F"
print("Grade of the student
is :", Grade)
 nestin num1= int(input("enter 1st number"))
#print (num1)

g
age = 93
num= int(input("enter a
num2= int(input("enter 2nd number"))
#print (num2)

f(age > 18): number")) num3= int(input("enter 3rd number"))

#print (num3)
if(age >=80): print (num) if(num1>num2):
print("cant drive")
else: if ((num%2) == 0): highest = num1
elif(num2>num3):
print("can drive") print("number is highest = num2
else:
print("cant drive") even") elif(num3>num1):
highest = num3
else: elif(num1>num3):

print("number is highest = num1

print(highest)
num = int(input("enter a odd")
number"))
print(num) num1 = int(input("Enter 1st number: "))
if((num%7) == 0): num2 = int(input("Enter 2nd number: "))
print("entered number is a num3 = int(input("Enter 3rd number: "))
multiple of 7")
else: highest = max(num1, num2, num3) # Efficient way to find
print("entered number is not a maximum
multiple of 7") print("Highest number is:", highest)
name = ["Awais","Raza","Zaidi",56,556] name = ["Awais","Awais","Zaidi","Hurr", "Qasim",
name1 = [22,21,12,1,13,4,44] "Awais"]
print(name) print(name)
print(type(name)) name.sort()
print(len(name)) print(name)
print (name[0]) name.reverse()
print (name[1]) print(name)
print(name[4]) name.insert(1,"Nimra")
print(name[1:3]) print(name)
name.append("shah") name.remove("Nimra")
print(name) print(name)
print(name1) name.pop(5)
name1.sort() print(name)
print(name1)
name1.sort(reverse=True)
print(name1)
Mutable Sequences: • Immutable Sequences
Can be changed after creation (e.g., elements • Cannot be changed after creation. Any
can be modified, added, or removed). modification results in a new object.

Examples in Python: • Examples in Python:

• tuple → my_tuple = (1, 2, 3); my_tuple[0] =
list → my_list = [1, 2, 3]; my_list[0] = 10 10

bytearray → my_bytes = • str → my_str = "hello"; my_str[0] = "H"

bytearray(b"hello"); my_bytes[0] = 72
• bytes → my_bytes = b"hello"; my_bytes[0] =
72
Operations allowed:
In-place modifications
• Operations allowed:
like .append(), .remove(), .extend(), and
slicing assignments. • Only those that create new sequences, like
slicing, concatenation (+), and repetition (*).
Tuples in Python
• Built in data type that allows us to create immutable
sequences of values

• Tup = (1,1,2,1,3,1)
• Tup.index() returns index of first occurrence
• Tup.count() counts total occurrences
movie=[]
a = input("1st movie
name")

b = input("2nd movie
name")

c = input("3rd movie
name")
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
movie.append(a)
movie.append(b)
movie.append(c)
Palindro
me
GRADE =
list1 = [1,2,3,2,1] ("A","B","C","A","B", "A")
print(GRADE.count("A"))
#print(list1)
copy_list1=list1.copy(
)
copy_list1.reverse()
if(copy_list1 == list1):
print("palindrome")
else:
print("not
grade = ["A", "B", "C", "A", "B",
palindrome")
"A"]
grade.sort()
print(grade)
Dictionary and Set
• Dictionary and Set are data structures
• Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value
pairs , they are unordered , mutable (changeable) &
duplicate keys are not allowed.
info =
{
"key" : "value",
"name" : "Awais",
"roll number" : 9024,
"age" : 35,
"Qualification" : "PhD Scholar",
"CGPA" : 3.79,
"research area" : ["ML", "Bioinformatics", "DL", "AI"],
"institutes" : ("UET", "GCU","PIEAS")

}
print(info)
print(info["name"])
print(info["Qualification"])
info = {
"key" : "value",
"name" : "awais",
"roll number" : 9024,
"age" : 35,
"Qualification" : "PhD Scholar",
"CGPA" : { "BS":"2.94", "MS":"3.31", "PhD":"3.79"},
"research area" : ["ML", "Bioinformatics", "DL", "AI"],
"institutes" : ("UET", "GCU","PIEAS")

}
print(info["CGPA"]["PhD"])
• Dict.keys() print all keys
• Dict.values() print all values
• Dict.items() print all key value pairs as tuples
• Dict.get(“key”) print the key according to values
• Dict.update(new dict)
#print(info.keys())
#print(info.values())
#print(info.items())
#print(info.get("institutes"))
#pairs = list(info.items())
#print(pairs[1])
#info.update({"city" : "Lahore"})
#print(info)
 • Collection of distinct objects
Sets in Python
• Immutable & unique items
• Num , int , float , str , tuple
• List and dict can not be added in set

set = {1,2,3,4,5 , 5 ,5 , 5, "awais", 29.9}

print(set)
print(len(set))
num = {} # this is not an empty set , this is a n
empty dictionary print(type(set))
Print(type(num))
Num = set() #this is an empty set declaration
Set methods

num = set()
• Set.add(element) set1 = {1,2,3}
num.add(2) set2 = {2,3,4}
• Set.remove(element) num.add(2000) print(set1.union(set2))
print(set1.intersection(se
• Set.clear() empties the num.add(20) t2))
set num.add(200)
num.remove(200
• set.pop() deleted a randon 0)
value #num.clear()
• Set.union(set2) num.pop()
num.pop()
• se,.intersection(set2) num.pop()
print(num)
dictionary = {"words" : "meaning",
"computer" : "ELECtronic machine",
"mobile" : "2 DIMENTIONAL RADIO",
"university" : "educational degree awarding
institute",
"mr. chips" : ["literature book", "12th english"]

print(dictionary)
 Practice : enter 3 subject marks by
the user and print these in a
dictionry
physics = input("enter marks of first
subject")
print([physics])

chem = input("enter marks of second

subject") Enter 9 and 9.0 in a set
print([chem])
set = {9 , "9.0"}
computer = input("enter marks of thirc print(set)
subject")
print([computer])
set = {("float",9.0),
dictionary = {"subject" : "marks", ("int",9)}
"physics" : physics, print(set)
"chem" : chem,
"computer" : computer
}
 n = int(input("enter a list =

Lecture 5 Loops number")) [1,4,9,16,25,36,49,6

num = 1 4,81,100]
#print(list[1])
while num <= 10: #print(len(list))
count = 1
print(n*num) index = 0
while count <=
num +=1 while index<
5:
len(list):
print("hi")
print(list[index])
count +=1
index +=1

num = 1

while num <= 10:

print(2*num)
num +=1 heroes = ["a", "aa", "b", "bb"]
index = 0
while(index<len(heroes)):
print(heroes[index])
index +=1
 Insert a number Insert a number and Factorial
print sum from 1 to n
and print sum (WHILE) n=int(input("enter a
from 1 to n n=int(input("enter a number"))
n=int(input("enter a number"))
number")) fact = 1
sum = 0 i =1
sum = 0 i =0 while(i<=n):
for i in range(1,n+1): while(i<=n): fact *=i
sum +=i sum +=i i+=1
print(sum) print(sum) print(fact)
 Functions
• Block of statements performing a specific task

def factorial(n):
return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n - 1)

def is_prime(n):
return n > 1 and all(n % i for i in range(2,
int(n**0.5) + 1))

def fibonacci(n):
a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(n): a, b = b, a + b
return a
def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1] from math import gcd
def find_gcd(a, b):
return gcd(a, b)

def find_max(lst):
return max(lst) def is_sorted(lst):
return lst == sorted(lst)

def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]

def
remove_duplicates(lst):
return list(set(lst))