Lecture17-Floating Elements.pptx

|| Jai Sri Gurudev||
Sri Adichunchanagiri Shikshana Trust (R)
SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi& Approved by AICTE, New Delhi.)
No. 67, BGS Health & Education City, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road Kengeri, Bengaluru – 560 060
Subject: Web Technology and Its Applications(18CS63)
By
CHETAN R, Assistant Professor
Semester / Section: 6B
Department of Information Science & Engineering
Aca. Year: EVEN SEM /2020-21
1

FLOATING ELEMENTS
Dept. of ISE, SJBIT
2

5/24/2023 Dept. of ISE, SJBIT 3
Floating Elements
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <style>
 div {
 float: left;
 padding: 15px;
 }
 .div1 {
 background: pink;
 }
 .div2 {
 background: yellow;

Floating Elements
 }
 .div3 {
 background: green;
 }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <h2>Float Next To Each Other</h2>
 <p>In this example, the three divs will float next to each other.</p>
 <div class="div1">Div 1</div>
 </body>
 </html>

Floating Elements
 Float Next To Each Other
 In this example, the three divs will float next to each
other.
 Div 1
 Div 2
 Div 3

The CSS float property (reference)
6
img.headericon {
float: right; width: 130px;
} CSS
 removed from normal document flow; underlying text
wraps around as necessary
Ghostbusters is a 1984 American science fiction comedy
film written by co-stars Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis
about three eccentric New York City
parapsychologists-turned-ghost capturers.
output
property description
float
side to hover on; can be left, right, or none
(default)

Floating elements diagram
7

Common float bug: missing width
 often floating block elements must have a width
property value
 Let’s try “floating”
8

The clear property
CS380
9 p { background-color: fuchsia; }
h2 { clear: right; background-color: yellow; }
CSS
output
Super Mario Fan Site!
Mario is a fictional character in his video game series.
Serving as Nintendo's mascot and the main protagonist of
the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video games
since his creation

The clear property (cont.)
clear
disallows floating elements from
overlapping this element;
can be left, right, or none (default)
10

Clear diagram
11
div#sidebar { float: right; }
p { clear: right; } CSS

Common error: container too
short
12
<p><img src="images/mario.png" alt=“super mario" />
Mario is a fictional character in his video game
series.....</p> HTML
Serving as Nintendo's mascot and the main protagonist
of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video
games since his creation.
p { border: 2px dashed black; }
img { float: right; } CSS

The overflow property
Serving as Nintendo's mascot and the main protagonist
of the series, Mario has appeared in over 200 video
games since his creation.
output
p { border: 2px dashed black;
overflow: hidden; } CSS
CS380

The overflow property (cont.)
14
overflow
specifies what to do if an element's
content is too large;
can be auto, visible, hidden, or scroll

Multi-column layouts
15
<div>
<p>first paragraph</p>
<p>second paragraph</p>
<p>third paragraph</p>
Some other text that is important
</div> HTML
Some other text that is important
output
p { float: right; width: 25%; margin: 0.5em;
border: 2px solid black; }
div { border: 3px dotted green; overflow: hidden; }
CSS
second paragraph first paragraph
third paragraph

The position property (examples)
17
div#ad {
position: fixed;
right: 10%;
top: 45%;
} CSS
property value description
position
static default position
relative
offset from its normal static
position
absolute
a fixed position within its
containing element
fixed
a fixed position within the
browser window
top, bottom,
left, right
positions of box's corners

Absolute positioning
18
#sidebar {
position: absolute;
left: 400px;
top: 50px;
} CSS
 removed from normal flow
 positioned relative to the block
element containing them
 actual position determined by
top, bottom, left, right
 should often specify a width
property as well
CS380

Relative positioning
19
#area2 { position: relative; }
CSS
 absolute-positioned elements are
normally positioned at an offset
from the corner of the overall web
page
 to make the absolute element to
position itself relative to some other
element's corner, wrap the absolute
element in an element whose position
is relative
CS380

Fixed positioning
20
#area2 { position: relative; }
CSS
 removed from normal flow
 positioned relative to the browser
window even when the user scrolls
the window, element will remain in
the same place
CS380

Alignment vs. float vs. position
1. If possible, lay out an element by aligning its content
 horizontal alignment: text-align
 set this on a block element; it aligns the content within it (not the
block element itself)
 vertical alignment: vertical-align
 set this on an inline element, and it aligns it vertically within its
containing element
2. If alignment won't work, try floating the element
3. If floating won't work, try positioning the element
 absolute/fixed positioning are a last resort and should not
be overused
21

Details about inline boxes
 Size properties (width, height, min-
width, etc.) are ignored for inline boxes
 margin-top and margin-bottom are
ignored,
 but margin-left and margin-right are
not ignored
CS380
22

Details about inline boxes
 the containing block box's text-align
property controls horizontal position of inline
boxes within it
 text-align does not align block boxes within the
page
 each inline box's vertical-align property
aligns it vertically within its block box
CS380
23

The vertical-align property
vertical-align
specifies where an inline element should be
aligned vertically, with respect to other
content on the same line within its block
element's box
CS380
24
 can be top, middle, bottom, baseline (default),
sub,
super, text-top, text-bottom, or a length value or
%
 baseline means aligned with bottom of non-hanging

vertical-align example
25
<p style="background-color: yellow;">
<span style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid
red;">
Don't be sad! Turn that frown
<img src="images/sad.jpg" alt="sad" /> upside down!
<img style="vertical-align: bottom“
src="images/smiley.jpg" alt="smile" />
Smiling burns calories, you know.
<img style="vertical-align: middle"
src="images/puppy.jpg" alt="puppy" /> Anyway, look at this
cute puppy; isn't he adorable! So cheer up, and have a
nice day. The End.
</span>
</p> HTML
CS380

vertical-align example (cont.)
CS380

Common bug: space under
image
27
<p style="background-color: red; padding: 0px; margin:
0px">
<img src="images/smiley.png" alt="smile" />
</p> HTML
 red space under the image, despite padding and margin of 0
 this is because the image is vertically aligned to the baseline of the paragraph (not
the same as the bottom)
 setting vertical-align to bottom fixes the problem (so does setting line-height to 0px)

The display property
28
h2 { display: inline; background-color: yellow; }
CSS
 values: none, inline, block, run-in, compact, ...
 use sparingly, because it can radically alter the page layout
output
display
sets the type of CSS box model an
element is displayed with

The display property (cont.)
29
p.secret {
visibility: hidden;
} CSS
 hidden elements will still take up space onscreen, but
will not be shown
 to make it not take up any space, set display to none instead
 can be used to show/hide dynamic HTML content on the
page in response to events
output
CS380

The display property
30
#topmenu li {
display: inline;
border: 2px solid gray;
margin-right: 1em;
} CSS
output
<ul id="topmenu">
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul> HTML

References
3
 http://www.w3schools.com/CSS

Lecture17-Floating Elements.pptx

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