Basics of arduino uno

BASICS OF ARDUINO UNO
BY RAHAT SOOD
B.TECH (ECE) 6TH SEM
ROLL NO – 14BTD5060237

CONTENTS:
 WHAT IS MICROCONTROLLER ?
 WHAT IS ARDUINO ?
 ARDUINO UNO BOARD
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
GETTING STARTED WITH ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

MICROCONTROLLER :
• A small microcontroller on a single
chip containing a Central
Processor Unit (CPU), Flash
Memory, RAM and input/output
interface.
• Used for control purposes ,and for
data analysis.
• Popular manufacturers are Intel,

WHAT IS THE ARDUINO
todbot.com/blog/bionicarduino

• An open source Electronics Platform
based on easy-to-use hardware
(electronic board) and
software(IDE).www.Arduino.ccd.
• A Electronic Board , with on-board
regulated power supply,USB port to
communicate with PC , and an Atmel
microcontroller chip.
• Anyone can details of its design and
modify it or make his own.

SAMPLE SPECS: ARDUINO UNO
• Microcontoller: ATmega 328
• Operating Voltage 5V
• Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
• Flash Memory 32 KB (of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader)
• SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed 16 MHz

• What is analog ?
• It is continuous range of voltage values (not just 0 or 5V)
• Why convert to digital ?
• Because our microcontroller only understands digital.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL COVERSION

CONVERTING ANALOG VALUE TO DIGITAL

• The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for ADC
• 10-bit analog to digital converter
• This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5
volts into integer values between 0 and 1023
ADC IN ARDUINO

• analogRead(A0); // used to read the analog value from the
pin A0
• analogWrite(2,128);
READING/WRITING ANALOG VALUES

GETTING STARTED WITH PROGRAMMING

C++
libs
C++
libs
C++
libsArduino
C/C++
(READABLE CODE)
ASSEMBLY
(READABLE CODE)
MACHINE LANGUAGE
(BINARY CODE)

Integer: used with integer variables with value between
2147483647 and -2147483647.
Ex: int x=1200;
Character: used with single character, represent value from -
127 to 128.
Ex. char c=‘r’;
Long: Long variables are extended size variables for number
storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from -2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,647.
Ex. long u=199203;
Floating-point numbers can be as large as 3.4028235E+38
and as low as -3.4028235E+38. They are stored as 32 bits (4
bytes) of information.
Ex. float num=1.291;
DataTypesandoperators

Statement represents a command, it ends with ;
Ex:
int x;
x=13;
Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specific
function:
- Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^]
- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]
- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]
Syntax:
; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line
comment, /*Multi-line comments*/
Statementandoperators:

If Conditioning:
if(condition)
{
statements-1;
…
Statement-N;
}
else if(condition2)
{
Statements;
}
Else{statements;}
Control statements:

Switch case:
switch (var) {
case 1:
//do something when var equals 1
break;
case 2:
//do something when var equals 2
break;
default:
// if nothing else matches, do the
default
// default is optional
}
Control statements:

Compound Operators:
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
Statementandoperators:

Do… while:
do
{
Statements;
}
while(condition); // the statements are run
at least once.
While:
While(condition)
{statements;}
for
for (int i=0; i <= val; i++){
statements;
}
Loopstatements:

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}
BARE MINIMUM CODE

• setup : It is called only when the Arduino is powered on or
reset. It is used to initialize variables and pin modes.
• loop : The loop functions runs continuously till the device is
powered off. The main logic of the code goes here. Similar
to while (1) for micro-controller programming.
BARE MINIMUM CODE

• A pin on arduino can be set as input or output by using
pinMode function.
• pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as output pin
• pinMode(13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as input pin
PINMODE

• digitalWrite(13, LOW); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 0V
• digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13 , 5V
• int buttonState = digitalRead(2); // reads the value of pin 2 in
buttonState
READING/WRITING DIGITAL VALUES

ARDUINO IDE
See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
LIGHT CONTROL
MOTOR CONTROL
AUTOMATION
ROBOTICS
NETWORKING
CUSTOM PROTOCOLS

Basics of arduino uno

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