AngularJS is a powerful, open-source JavaScript framework primarily used for single-page applications (SPAs), which extends HTML with additional attributes for a more responsive user experience. It offers features such as two-way data binding, the ng-model directive for binding HTML controls to application data, and follows a clean MVC structure for development. While it provides many advantages like unit testability and reusable components, AngularJS applications may be less secure and not compatible if JavaScript is disabled on the user's browser.