Introduction to 4G Network
- 1. Introduction to 4G Network Presented By S.Sivaganesan, Assistant Professor of ECE, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 1
- 2. What is 4G? 2 With great power comes great responsibility.
- 3. 4G Fourth generation Mobile Communications Wireless World Research Forum defines 4G as: -A network that operates on Internet technology, combines it with other applications and technologies such as Wi-Fi, and runs at speeds ranging from 100 Mbps (in cell-phone networks) to 1 Gbps(in local Wi-Fi networks).
- 4. • Other descriptions: Beyond 3rd Generation. Fourth-generation cellular communication system. Fourth-generation mobile technology. Fully IP-based wireless internet. 100 Mbps (outdoor) and 1Gbps (indoor). End-to-end QoS (Quality of service). High security. Any services, anytime, anywhere. 4G will make us as a part of the Internet. Always Be Connected (ABC). 4
- 5. • 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems along with cellular telephone systems. • The goal of 4G systems is to incorporate and integrate different wireless access technologies and mobile network architectures so as to achieve a seamless wireless access infrastructure. 5
- 6. Previous Generations (1G,2G,2.5G and 3G) 6 Everything you can imagine is real.
- 7. 1G 7 When one door closes, another opens.
- 8. • 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation of mobile telephone networks. • Circuit-switched technology. • FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). • Analog system. • Basic mobility. • Poor voice quality. • Poor security. 8
- 9. 2G 9 You can have it all. Just not all at once.
- 10. • Digital –consists of 1s and 0s •Digital signal: 1) Low level, 2) High level, 3) Rising edge, 4) Falling edge 10 1 3 2 4 1 0 1 00
- 11. 2G • Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings. •Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal. 11
- 12. • Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery power. • Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog. • CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal. •Translates data from digital to analog and vice . 12 CODEC 0101110 Voice Speaker
- 13. 2G •Advantages: • The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking •increase sound quality •lowers the noise level Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer. •SMS –“short message service” •E-mail 13
- 14. 2G Disadvantages • Cell towers had a limited coverage area. • Built mainly for voice services and slow data. 14
- 15. 2.5G 2G Enhanced 15 The best way to predict the future is to invent it.
- 16. • Lies somewhere between 2G and 3G. • The development of 2.5G has been viewed as a stepping-stone towards 3G. • Was prompted by the demand for better data services and access to the internet. • Provides faster services than 2G, but not as faster as advanced as the newer 3G systems. 16
- 17. • Extends the capabilities of 2G systems by providing additional features, such as a packet- switched connection(GPRS) in the TDMA-based GSM system, and enhanced data rates (HSCSD and EDGE). GPRS: General Packet Radio Services. EDGE: Enhanced Data for Global Evolution. HSCSD: High Speed circuit-switched data. 17
- 18. 18 Dreams are necessary to life. 3G
- 19. 3G • Large capacity and broadband capabilities. •Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps. •Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz– -A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth. • High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G. • Global roaming 19
- 20. 3G • CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access. • Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency. • Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel. 20
- 21. Data Rates Comparison (Kbps) 21 1 10 100 1000 10000 Lower speed Higher speed 2G 2.5G 3G
- 22. Evolution To 4G 22 Ever wonder where your life is going.
- 23. Evolution to 4G 23 CDMA 2.5G 2G 3G 3.5G 3.9G CDMA IS-95A CDMA IS-95B CDMA 2000 1x Ev-DO Rev O/A/B UMB 802.20 GSM/UMTS IEEE Cellular IEEE LAN IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11n GSM TDMA IS-136 GPRS HSDPA FDD/TDD HSPA+ E-GPRS EDGE WCDMA FDD/TDD TD SCDMA LCR-TDD IEEE 802.16 Wi BROFixed WiMAX 802.16d Mobile WiMAX 802.16e HSUPA FDD/TDD LTE E-UTRA
- 24. Technology moving towards 4G 24 Mobility Data Rates High speed Medium speed Low speed 1995 2000 2005 2010+ ~14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps <100 Mbps 1G (Analog) 2G (Digital) 3G (IMT2000) 3G LTE 4G 2.4 GHz WLAN 5 GHz WLAN High Speed WLAN Mobile WiMAX (WiBRO) Bluetooth WPAN CDMA/GSM/TDMA CDMA/GSM/TDMA
- 25. 25 Mobility Data Rates High speed Walking/ Local area Standing/ Indoor 0.1 1 10 100 Medium speed 4th Generation (2007-2010) 3th Generation (IMT-2000) (2001)2G2G 2.5G
- 26. 4G Communication System A dream is a wish your heart makes.
- 27. • Seamless Roaming • "Seamless" and "wireless," when put together, represent a technology of wireless Internet that hands you off to another network without interruption so you may continue your activities online without even noticing that you connected into another network. Another name for it is "seamless roaming." 27
- 28. Seamless Connection of Networks in 4G Core IP Network Connection Layer Cellular 3G (UMTS etc. Cellular 2.5G (GSM etc. Digital Audio/Video Broadcast Short Range PAN/LAN/ MAN/WAN WLAN/ HIPER-LAN Cellular 4G
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- 30. Features of 4G: •Faster and more reliable. 100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s) •Lower cost than previous generations •Multi-standard wireless system. –Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x) •Ad Hoc Networking. •IPv6 Core. •OFDM used instead of CDMA. •Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n –Most information is proprietary. 30
- 31. vs. 31 Technology 3G 4G Frequency Band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHz Data Rates Up to 2Mbps 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary Access W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMA FEC Turbo-codes Concatenated codes Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
- 32. 4G Technology 32 Flexibility comes with responsibility.
- 33. • Smart Antenna • Beam radio signals directly at a users to follow the users as they move. •Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference. •Seamless handoff between towers/access points. •One transmit antenna, two receive antennas. –Allows connection to two access points at once. 33
- 34. 34Smart Antenna Technology Beam Tracking Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) Smart Antenna Same time and frequency Past Now Past Now
- 35. Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) Basic idea: Using a large number of parallel narrow-band subcarriers instead of a single wide-band carrier to transport information. • Advantages: -Very easy and efficient in dealing with multi-path. -Robust again narrow-band interference 35
- 36. G4 • Earth's population stands at around 6.6 billion. • The Internet has a population of just 1.3 billion. • IPv6 uses 128 bits for IPv6 addresses which allows for 340 billion billion billion billion (3.4x1038) unique addresses. 36 22%
- 37. IPv6 vs. IPv4 Feature IPv4 IPv6 Deployed 1978 1999 Address format 129.5.255.2/16 2001:0ba0:01e0:d001:0000:000 0:d0f0:0010 Address Space Over 109; possible addresses Over 1038; possible addresses Packet Size Variable size- time consuming to handle Fixed size (40 Octets) More efficient Special fields in header Many types, often not supported by venders . Eliminated for efficiency or replaced by other features. Security -limited: no authentication or encryption at IP level. -Dependence on higher level protocols; vulnerable to DoS and address deception or spoofing attacks. -Authentication(validation of packet origin). -Encryption(privacy of contents) -requires administration of “security associations” to handle key distributions. Quality of Service -Defined but not generally used -Flow labeling -Priority -Support for real-time data and multimedia distribution. 37
- 38. Data Rate Comparison (Kbps) 38
- 39. • Conclusion: 4G system provides an end to end IP solution where voice and data streamed multimedia can be served to users on an ” Anytime, Anywhere ” basis at higher data rates than previous generation. Wider bandwidth. End-to-end QoS. Higher security. Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere. Affordable cost and one billing. 39
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