Nginx Scripting - Extending Nginx Functionalities with Lua
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The document discusses extending Nginx functionalities with Lua. It provides an overview of Nginx architecture and how the lua-nginx-module allows running Lua scripts inside Nginx. This provides a powerful and performant programming environment while taking advantage of Nginx's event-driven architecture. Examples show how to access Nginx variables and APIs from Lua, issue subrequests, and do non-blocking I/O including with cosockets. Libraries like lua-resty-memcached reuse these extensions. In summary, Nginx is excellent for scalable apps and Lua extends its capabilities through embedded scripts and subrequests.
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- 1. NGINX SCRIPTING EXTENDING NGINX FUNCTIONALITIES WITH LUA Tony Fabeen / @tonyfabeen / SlimStacks
- 2. WHO AM I
- 3. NGINX ("ENGINE-X") High performance HTTP, POP/IMAP and reverse proxy server. Started in 2002 by Igor Sysoev, public in 2004. Entirely written in C. Hosts nearly 12.18% of active sites across all domains. Nginx.com in 2011.
- 5. $p ax|ge nix s u rp gn ro 339..nix mse poes/p/gn/bnnix ot 12 . gn: atr rcs otnixsi/gn ww 330..nix wre poes w 13 . gn: okr rcs
- 7. MASTER PROCESS reading and validating configuration creating, binding and closing sockets starting, terminating and maintaining the configured number of w r e okr processes re-opening log files compiling embedded Perl scripts
- 8. WORKER PROCESS Do all important stuff Handle connection from clients Reverse Proxy and Filtering functionalities
- 11. REQUEST PHASES
- 12. SERVER REWRITE PHASE request URI transformation on virtual server level
- 13. FIND CONFIG PHASE configuration location lookup
- 14. REWRITE PHASE request URI transformation on location level
- 15. ACCESS PHASE access restrictions check phase
- 16. TRY FILES PHASE try_files directive processing phase
- 17. CONTENT PHASE content generation phase
- 18. LOG PHASE logging phase
- 20. CORE MODULE Event Loop Module execution control
- 21. FUNCTIONAL MODULES Read from / Write to Network and Storage Transform Content Outbound Filtering Server Side Includes Upstream Server communication ...etc
- 22. LUA ON THE STAGE
- 23. A BIT OF LUA Created in Brazil Portable Simple Small Easy to embed Fast
- 24. OSS USING LUA
- 25. LUA NGINX MODULE https://github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module/ Created by TaoBao.com Engineers High concurrent and non-blocking request processing Programs can be written in the plain-old sequential way Nginx takes care of I/O operations and Lua Nginx Module restore the context and resume the program logic
- 26. LUA NGINX MODULE https://github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module Introduces directives for running Lua inside Nginx Exposes the Nginx environment to Lua via an Api It's fast Is even faster when compiled with LUA JIT(Just in Time Compiler)
- 27. NGINX LUA API
- 28. DIRECTIVES Configuration directives serve as gateways to the Lua API within the nginx.conf file. cnetb_u LASRP_TIG otn_yla U_CITSRN rwieb_u LASRP_TIG ert_yla U_CITSRN acs_ylaLASRP_TIG cesb_u U_CITSRN cnetb_u_iePT_OLASRP_IE otn_ylafl AHT_U_CITFL rwieb_u_iePT_OLASRP_IE ert_ylafl AHT_U_CITFL acs_ylafl PT_OLASRP_IE cesb_u_ie AHT_U_CITFL Unless you set l a c d _ a h to o f modules will be loaded once on the first request. u_oecce f ,
- 29. NGX PACKAGE Nginx Environment is exposed via n x g package nxagulag g.r.r_r nxvrVRAL_AE g.a.AIBENM nxhae.EDRATIUE g.edrHAE_TRBT nxcx g.t
- 30. HELLO WORLD ! lcto /el-srb-u { oain hloue-yla dfuttp "etpan; eal_ye tx/li" cnetb_u ' otn_yla nxsy"el," nxvragnm,"" g.a(Hlo , g.a.r_ae !) '; } lcto /el-srb-gn { oain hloue-ynix eh "el,$r_ae!; co Hlo agnm " } $cr ht:/oahs/el-srb-u?aeDvnap ul tp/lclothloue-ylanm=eISma Hlo Dvnap ! el, eISma $cr ht:/oahs/el-srb-gn?aeDvnap ul tp/lclothloue-ynixnm=eISma Hlo Dvnap ! el, eISma
- 31. NGINX VARS lcto /csignixag { oain aesn-gn-rs st$is 3; e frt 5 st$eod6; e scn 5 stb_u $u ' e_yla sm rtr nxvrfrt+nxvrscn eun g.a.is g.a.eod '; eh "h smi $u" co Te u s sm; } $cr ht:/oahs/csignixag ul tp/lclotaesn-gn-rs Tesmi 9 h u s 9
- 32. NGINX SUBREQUESTS lcto /u-urqet { oain lasbeuss cnetb_u ' otn_yla lclrsos =nxlcto.atr(/el-srb-gn?ae oa epne g.oaincpue"hloue-ynixnm= Dvnap" eISma) i rsos.tts> 50te f epnesau = 0 hn nxei(epnesau) g.xtrsos.tts ed n nxsau =rsos.tts g.tts epnesau nxsyrsos.oy g.a(epnebd) '; } $cr ht:/oahs/u-urqet ul tp/lclotlasbeuss Hlo Dvnap ! el, eISma
- 33. NON BLOCKING I/O SUBREQUESTS lcto /nltc-nrmn { oain aayisiceet cnetb_u ' otn_yla lclrsos =nxlcto.atr(/ei" oa epne g.oaincpue"rds, {rs={m ="nr,ky=nxvragln}) ag cd ic" e g.a.r_ik} nxsy"nrmne t :,nxvragln) g.a(Iceetd o " g.a.r_ik '; } lcto /ei { oain rds itra; nenl stuecp_r $e $r_e; e_nsaeui ky agky stuecp_r $m $r_m; e_nsaeui cd agcd rds_ur $m $e; ei2qey cd ky rds_as1700167; ei2ps 2...:39 } $cr ht:/oahs/nltc-nrmn?ikht:/w.eismacmb ul tp/lclotaayisiceetln=tp/wwdvnap.o.r Iceetdt :tp/wwdvnap.o.r nrmne o ht:/w.eismacmb
- 34. FILTERS
- 35. HEADER FILTERS lcto /{ oain poyps ht:/oahs:00 rx_as tp/lclot88; hae_itrb_u 'g.edrSre ="yLtl Sre"; edrfle_yla nxhae.evr M ite evr' } $cr - - HA ht:/oahs/edrfle ul i X ED tp/lclothae-itr HT/. 20O TP11 0 K Dt:Sn 0 Sp21 2:81 GT ae u, 9 e 02 11:1 M Sre:M Ltl Sre evr y ite evr CnetTp:tx/tlcastuf8 otn-ye ethm;hre=t- CnetLnt:49 otn-egh 4 Cneto:ke-lv oncin epaie Sau:20O tts 0 K XFaeOtos smoii -rm-pin: aergn XXSPoeto:1 md=lc -S-rtcin ; oebok XCsae ps -acd: as XRc-ah:ms -akCce is
- 36. BODY FILTERS lcto /oyfle { oain bd-itr eh "ycnet; co M otn" bd_itrb_u ' oyfle_yla nxag1 =srn.sbnxag1,"y,"or) g.r[] tiggu(g.r[] M" Yu" nxag2 =tu -stefo ls canbfe g.r[] re -e o r at hi ufr '; } $cr ht:/oahs/oyfle ul tp/lclotbd-itr Yu cnet or otn
- 37. COSOCKETS Non Blocking, of course Communicate via TCP or Unix domain sockets Keepalive mechanism avoid connect/close for each request
- 38. COSOCKETS lcto /ecce-rmla{ oain mmahdfo-u cnetb_u ' otn_yla lclsc =nxsce.onc(17001,121 oa ok g.oktcnet"2..." 11) lclbts er=sc:ed"e fobrrn) oa ye, r oksn(st o a" i ntbtste f o ye hn nxsy"aldt sn. " er g.a(fie o ed. n, r) rtr eun ed n lcldt =sc:eev( oa aa okrcie) i ntdt te f o aa hn nxsy"aldt rciedt." g.a(Fie o eev aa.n) ed n nxsy"eut:" dt) g.a(Rsl , aa '; }
- 39. SOME LIBRARIES USING PURE COSOCKETS https://github.com/agentzh/lua-resty-memcached https://github.com/agentzh/lua-resty-redis https://github.com/agentzh/lua-resty-mysql
- 40. SUMMARY The Nginx architecture is excellent for highly scalable applications. Nginx can do a variety of things thanks to module extensions, and one can resuse those extensions by issuing sub-requests in Lua. lua-nginx-module makes use of the evented architecture in Nginx, providing a powerful and performant programming environment. It's possible to do 100% non-blocking I/O with readable code.
- 42. BOOKS
- 43. QUESTIONS ?