Lecture 1 data structures and algorithms
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This document discusses data structures and their applications. It defines key terms like data, data item, entity, attribute, field, record, and file. It explains that a data structure is a logical organization of data that specifies the data elements and operations that can be performed on them. Common operations include traversing, searching, inserting, and deleting. The choice of data structure depends on how frequently certain operations will be performed. Real-life data manipulation requires storage, retrieval, and transformation of user data.
![ Data
Structures
[Schaum’s Outline]
An
By
Seymour
Lipschutz
Introduction to Data structures with
Applications by Tremblay and Sorenson](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture1-m-131122062232-phpapp02/85/Lecture-1-data-structures-and-algorithms-2-320.jpg)
![ Entity
with similar attributes ( e.g all employees
of an organization) form an entity set
Each
attribute of an entity set has a range of
values [ the set of possible values that could be
assigned to the particular attribute]
Information:
processed data
Data with given attribute or](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture1-m-131122062232-phpapp02/85/Lecture-1-data-structures-and-algorithms-7-320.jpg)
![ Traversing:
Accessing each record exactly once so
that certain items in the record may be processed
[ Also known as Visiting the record]
Searching:
Finding the location of the record with
a given key value, or finding the locations of all
record which satisfy one or more conditions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture1-m-131122062232-phpapp02/85/Lecture-1-data-structures-and-algorithms-20-320.jpg)
Lecture 1 data structures and algorithms
- 2. Data Structures [Schaum’s Outline] An By Seymour Lipschutz Introduction to Data structures with Applications by Tremblay and Sorenson
- 3. Data Structure Algorithm
- 4. Data are values or a set of values Data item refers to single unit of values Data item Group item : Data item that can be subdivided into sub item. Ex Name : First Name, Middle initial and Last Name Elementary item: Data item that can not be sub divided into sub item Ex : PAN card number / Bank Pass Book Number is treated as single item
- 5. Collection of data are frequently organized into a hierarchy of fields, records and files
- 6. Entity : Something that has certain attributes or properties which may be assigned values Values may be numeric or non-numeric Ex: The employee of an organization Attributes Name Values John Age Sex Employee Code 33 M 13472
- 7. Entity with similar attributes ( e.g all employees of an organization) form an entity set Each attribute of an entity set has a range of values [ the set of possible values that could be assigned to the particular attribute] Information: processed data Data with given attribute or
- 8. Field is a single elementary unit of information representing an attribute of an entity Record is the collection of field values of a given entity File is the collection of records of the entities in a given entity set
- 9. Nam Age e Sex Roll Number Branch A B 17 18 M M 109cs0132 109ee1234 CSE EE C D 19 20 F F 109ce0012 108mm0132 CE MM
- 10. Record Fixed Length Variable Length
- 11. Study of Data Structure includes the following three steps Logical or Mathematical description of the structure Implementation of the structure on a computer Quantitative analysis of the structure, which includes determining the amount of memory needed to store the structure and the time required to process the structure
- 12. A data type is a term which refers to the kind of data that may appear in computation. Ex: in C int, float, char, double, long double, etc.
- 13. Data Structure The logical or mathematical model of a particular organization of data Choice It of a model depends on two factor must be rich enough in structure to mirror the actual relationships of the data in the real world The structure should be simple enough that one can effectively process the data when necessary
- 18. A data structure is a way to logically organize data that specifies: A set of data elements i.e., a data object and A set of operations which may legally be applied to elements of this data object.
- 19. Data appearing in DS are processed by means of certain operation Particular DS one chooses for a given situation depends largely on the frequency with which specific operations are performed
- 20. Traversing: Accessing each record exactly once so that certain items in the record may be processed [ Also known as Visiting the record] Searching: Finding the location of the record with a given key value, or finding the locations of all record which satisfy one or more conditions
- 21. Inserting : Adding a new record to the structure Deleting : Removing a record from the structure
- 22. In real life applications, various kind of data other than the primitive data are involved. Manipulation of real-life data (user data) requires the following essential tasks: a) Storage representation of user data: User data should be stored in such a way that computer can understand b) Retrieval of stored data: Data stored in a computer should be retrieved in such a way that user can understand. c) Transformation of user data: Various operations which require to be performed on user data so that it can be transformed from one form to another.