A rough guide to JavaScript Performance
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This document provides guidance on optimizing JavaScript performance. It outlines general principles and offers specific tips for improving load time performance and runtime performance. For load times, it recommends moving scripts to the bottom of the page, concatenating, minimizing, and gzipping files, and loading scripts in a non-blocking way. For runtimes, it advises being cautious of the DOM due to overhead, writing lazy code that does minimal work, and managing AJAX requests through caching, GET requests, and returning optimized data formats. Additional resources on the topic are also referenced.
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- 1. A ROUGH GUIDE to JavaScript Performance by Mark Perkins, July 2010
- 3. A *rough* guide.... General principles for you to take and build on
- 4. A *rough* guide.... General principles for you to take and build on 3 tips for loadtime performance
- 5. A *rough* guide.... General principles for you to take and build on 3 tips for loadtime performance 3 principles for speedy runtimes
- 6. A *rough* guide.... General principles for you to take and build on 3 tips for loadtime performance 3 principles for speedy runtimes Seconds, not milliseconds (possibly...)
- 7. We’re NOT going to cover (much...)
- 8. We’re NOT going to cover (much...) General frontend performance topics
- 9. We’re NOT going to cover (much...) General frontend performance topics Crazy language optimisations eg. ~~( 1*‘12.34’ )
- 10. We’re NOT going to cover (much...) General frontend performance topics Crazy language optimisations eg. ~~( 1*‘12.34’ ) Advanced testing tools
- 14. LOADTIME
- 15. Steve Souders
- 16. “Only 10-20% of the end user response time is spent downloading the HTML document. The other 80-90% is spent ’ Golden Rule Steve Souders
- 17. Some facts of life
- 18. Some facts of life HTTP requests are expensive
- 19. Some facts of life HTTP requests are expensive Browsers are single threaded (ignoring web workers)
- 20. Some facts of life HTTP requests are expensive Browsers are single threaded (ignoring web workers) 2-4 resources downloaded in parallel per host
- 21. Some facts of life HTTP requests are expensive Browsers are single threaded (ignoring web workers) 2-4 resources downloaded in parallel per host <script> tags disable parallel downloads and block all rendering below them
- 22. JS 1 JS 2 IMAGE 1 IMAGE 2 time
- 23. <script> 1. Move <script> tags to the bottom (of the page)
- 27. FOUJC!!
- 30. 2. Concatenate, Minimise, GZip
- 31. Concatenation
- 32. Concatenation Less HTTP requests === :-)
- 33. Concatenation Less HTTP requests === :-) But... rarely used scripts may be better off loaded where appropriate.
- 34. Concatenation Less HTTP requests === :-) But... rarely used scripts may be better off loaded where appropriate. Automate: Sprockets, php-sprockets etc
- 35. Minification
- 36. Minification Strips whitespace and comments out, shortens variables in functions
- 37. Minification Strips whitespace and comments out, shortens variables in functions Minify, don’t Pack!
- 38. Minification Strips whitespace and comments out, shortens variables in functions Minify, don’t Pack! Anything that obfuscates code and requires eval’ing has a performance hit. Avoid!
- 39. GZip your JS!
- 40. GZip your JS! GZip is the way forward. Use it.
- 41. GZip your JS! GZip is the way forward. Use it. Can reduce file size by up to 70%
- 42. GZip your JS! GZip is the way forward. Use it. Can reduce file size by up to 70% No whitespace removal or variable alteration - easy to debug
- 43. GZip your JS! GZip is the way forward. Use it. Can reduce file size by up to 70% No whitespace removal or variable alteration - easy to debug Configure once and forget about it, all taken care of by the server
- 44. GZip your JS! GZip is the way forward. Use it. Can reduce file size by up to 70% No whitespace removal or variable alteration - easy to debug Configure once and forget about it, all taken care of by the server
- 45. 3. Load scripts in a non-blocking way
- 47. Dynamic scripts
- 48. Dynamic scripts Add <script> tags via DOM methods to avoid blocking of other page processes
- 49. Dynamic scripts Add <script> tags via DOM methods to avoid blocking of other page processes Only FF and Opera guarantee execution order (concatenation can help with this)
- 50. Dynamic scripts Add <script> tags via DOM methods to avoid blocking of other page processes Only FF and Opera guarantee execution order (concatenation can help with this) Use onload callbacks to tell us when it’s loaded, can nest to ensure execution order is respected
- 53. A little help from your friends...
- 54. A little help from your friends... Lazy Loader: http://github.com/rgrove/ lazyload/
- 55. A little help from your friends... Lazy Loader: http://github.com/rgrove/ lazyload/ LabJS: http://labjs.com
- 56. A little help from your friends... Lazy Loader: http://github.com/rgrove/ lazyload/ LabJS: http://labjs.com
- 57. Loadtime recap!
- 58. Loadtime recap! 1. Move <script> tags to the bottom of the page
- 59. Loadtime recap! 1. Move <script> tags to the bottom of the page 2. Concatenate, Minimise, GZip
- 60. Loadtime recap! 1. Move <script> tags to the bottom of the page 2. Concatenate, Minimise, GZip 3. Load scripts in a non-blocking way
- 61. RUNTIME
- 62. 1. Be afraid of the DOM!
- 64. About that DOM... The DOM is a language independent API for working with XML/HTML documents.
- 65. About that DOM... The DOM is a language independent API for working with XML/HTML documents. The JS engine and the DOM are implemented separately in browsers.
- 66. About that DOM... The DOM is a language independent API for working with XML/HTML documents. The JS engine and the DOM are implemented separately in browsers. Every time you touch the DOM you incur a performance penalty.
- 67. Big DOM: Scary! Little DOM: Not so scary.
- 68. Keep bridge crossings to a minimum! DOM-LAND JAVASCRIPT- VILLE
- 70. ‘Cache’ your DOM selection results for re-use
- 72. Minimise this kind of DOM insertion wherever possible
- 75. 2. Write lazy code
- 76. Lazy code does as little work as possible, without repetition
- 77. Lazy code does as little work as possible, without repetition
- 78. Lazy code does as little work as possible, without repetition
- 79. Lazy code does as little work as possible, without repetition
- 80. Lazy code does as little work as possible, without repetition
- 81. 3. Keep your Ajax under control
- 83. Caching is King!! Use GET requests
- 84. Caching is King!! Use GET requests Tailor URLs to the user where possible:
- 85. Caching is King!! Use GET requests Tailor URLs to the user where possible: http://mydomain/ajax/info.php? user_id=129473
- 86. Caching is King!! Use GET requests Tailor URLs to the user where possible: http://mydomain/ajax/info.php? user_id=129473 Ensure appropriate headers are sent by the server
- 87. Caching is King!! Use GET requests Tailor URLs to the user where possible: http://mydomain/ajax/info.php? user_id=129473 Ensure appropriate headers are sent by the server (ie. a far future Expires header)
- 88. Caching is King!! Use GET requests Tailor URLs to the user where possible: http://mydomain/ajax/info.php? user_id=129473 Ensure appropriate headers are sent by the server (ie. a far future Expires header)
- 89. Be smart about return data
- 90. Be smart about return data HTML > JSONP > JSON > XML
- 91. Be smart about return data HTML > JSONP > JSON > XML Return HTML wherever possible - templating in JS is slow, your server is fast, use it!
- 92. Be smart about return data HTML > JSONP > JSON > XML Return HTML wherever possible - templating in JS is slow, your server is fast, use it! JSONP - no parse time, already in a native format
- 93. Be smart about return data HTML > JSONP > JSON > XML Return HTML wherever possible - templating in JS is slow, your server is fast, use it! JSONP - no parse time, already in a native format JSON - needs parsing/evaluating first
- 94. Be smart about return data HTML > JSONP > JSON > XML Return HTML wherever possible - templating in JS is slow, your server is fast, use it! JSONP - no parse time, already in a native format JSON - needs parsing/evaluating first
- 95. Runtime recap!
- 96. Runtime recap! 1. Be afraid of the DOM
- 97. Runtime recap! 1. Be afraid of the DOM 2. Write lazy code
- 98. Runtime recap! 1. Be afraid of the DOM 2. Write lazy code 3. Keep your Ajax under control
- 99. Additional Resources Books: High Performance Websites: http://amzn.to/bbBTln Even Faster Websites: http://amzn.to/a7iJmo High Performance JavaScript: http://amzn.to/9CgsfA JavaScript Rocks! http://javascriptrocks.com/performance/ Interwebs: Steve Souders HPWS blog: http://stevesouders.com/ Yahoo Exceptional Performance resources: http://developer.yahoo.com/ performance/ YUI blog (performance category): http://yuiblog.com/blog/category/ performance Understanding site load waterfalls: http://bit.ly/9KkmN1 Nokia JS Performance best practices: http://bit.ly/aYLXLU Velocity Conference: http://en.oreilly.com/velocity2010 My ‘performance’ tag on Delicious: http://delicious.com/allmarkedup/ performance