Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System

Ayman Seksak Elsaid et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (Part - 4) January 2016, pp.98-104
www.ijera.com 98 |p a g e
P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e P a g e
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA
System
Ayman Seksak Elsaid, Wael A. Mohamed, Salah Ghazy Ramadan
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Egypt
ABSTRACT
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some
processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and
feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is
transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor
using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the
overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will
monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Keywords- Variable Frequency Drive, Programmable Logic Controller, Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition, Incremental rotary encoder, Simatic manager software V5.5, WINCC explorer software V7.2
I. INTRODUCTION
In any industry the induction motor plays an
important role due to its low cost and simplicity. By
implementing a monitoring and control system for
the speed of motor, the induction motor can be used
in high performance variable-speed applications. To
control the speed of these motor, a motor drive and
control system with different methods can be used.
An induction motor’s speed enables affected by the
supply frequency, change the number of motor
stators, adjust the power input. In an induction motor,
there is no electrical connection to the rotor, but
currents are induced in the rotor circuit. The rotor
conductors carry current in the stator magnetic field
and thereby have a force exerted upon them tending
to move them at right angles to the field. When the
stator winding of a three phase AC supply, a rotating
magnetic field is established and rotates at
synchronous speed. The direction of rotation of the
field can be reversed by interchanging the connection
to the supply of any two leads of a three phase
induction motor. [1]
The control of equipment has been performed
through the use of computers. Most equipment's use
programmable logic controllers (PLC) to connect
with computers to monitor each load and electricity
consuming devices. A PLC interacts with the external
world through its inputs and outputs. Especially in
manufacturing companies, an automaton network
concept developed under the name of Totally
Integrated Automation (TIA). TIA includes actuator
sensor level, field level, cellular level and process
level control, which makes use of actuator-sensor
interface, PROFIBUS and industrial Ethernet
respectively. Through TIA, it is possible to view or
control all the levels all the way to the actuators from
process control level. In recent years, many
companies started opening divisions in many
countries around the world, and wanted to connect
and control any device from another or any place
around the world (Distributed Management).
Distributed management can be realized through
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
system. It is a common process control application
that collects data from sensors on the shop floor or in
remote locations and sends them to a central
computer for management and control. A SCADA
system includes input/output signal hardware,
controllers, Human Machine Interface (HMI),
networks, communication, database and software.
The term SCADA usually refers to a system with a
central unit that monitors and controls a complete site
or a system spread out over a long distance. The bulk
of the site control is actually performed automatically
by a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or by a
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). [2, 3]
A PLC-SCADA based monitoring and control system
for a Variable Frequency Drive system was
developed which controls a three-phase induction
motor. The integration of PLC and SCADA for
industrial automation comprises of: a human-machine
interface which is the device presenting processed
data to a human operator, who monitors and controls
the process; a Remote Terminal Unit collects the
information by connecting to sensors in the process,
converting sensor signals to digital data and sending
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

digital data to the supervisory system after which that
information is displayed on a number of operator
screens; PLC used as field devices for their
economical, versatile, flexible and configurable
attributes.
1.1 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER (PLC)
Control engineering has evolved over time. In
the past humans was the main Method for controlling
a system. More recently, electricity has been used for
control and early electrical control was based on
relays. These relays allow power to be switched on
and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to
use relays to make simple logical control decisions.
The development of low cost computer has brought
the most recent revolution, the Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC). advantages of PLC include Cost
effective for controlling complex systems; Flexible
and can be applied to control other systems quickly
and easily; Computational abilities allow control that
is more sophisticated; Troubleshooting aids make
programming easier and reduce downtime; Reliable
components make these likely to operate for years
before failure. [4]
A PLC based control system was set up comprising
of a Siemens PLC.
1.2 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE
(VFD)
A Variable Frequency Drive is used for
applications wherein speed control is of an essential
importance due to load changes wherein the speed
needs to be increased or decreased accordingly.
operating variable-speed drives with inverters offers
a range of advantages compared to operation directly
on the mains circuit: Prevents inrush current from
occurring, as the inverter increases the frequency
from 0 Hz instead of delivering a surge current of 50
Hz at motor startup; Any required degree of soft start
and braking can be obtained by specifying the
acceleration and deceleration time; If a different
delivery rate is required for conveying liquid or
gases, there is no need for the motor to work in its
full capacity, thus leading to energy savings.
V/f method of speed control
The motor speed can be controlled by varying the
supply frequency. The voltage induced in the stator is
directly proportional to product of supply frequency
and air-gap flux. If stator drop is neglected, terminal
voltage can be considered proportional to product of
frequency and flux. V1 α f.Φ Effect of supply
frequency change without terminal voltage change:
1. Reduction of supply frequency without change in
terminal voltage will cause an increase in the air gap
flux thereby saturating the motor. This will cause the
increase in magnetizing current, core loss and stator
copper loss and cause distortion in line current and
voltage and produce high-pitch noise.
2. An increase of supply frequency without change in
terminal voltage will cause decrease in flux, therefore
leading to reduction of torque capability of the motor.
A driver used in control system is Siemens (micro
master 440). [5]
1.3 ENCODER
Controlling the speed of a motor is a basic
functionality of modern electric drives. In order to
precisely control the speed of an electric motor, it is
necessary to measure the actual speed of the motor.
This measurement can be done with various tools and
methods. In most cases, it is usually done with a
sensor built in the motor or mounted to its shaft
externally. These sensors vary in their principle,
output signal and resolution. Encoders can be used in
applications, where long positions, speed or an
angular position are measured. They transform
mechanical movements into electrical signals and can
be divided into incremental and absolute measuring
systems.
Incremental rotary encoders generate pulses, where
the number of pulses can be a measure of speed,
length or position. In absolute encoders, every
position corresponds to a unique code pattern, so that
even after a power cut the actual position is
recognized, when power is re-applied. We used
incremental encoder instead of the encoder (Siemens)
because the incremental encoder is cheaper and
performs the same action as encoder (Siemens) so
that we adjust the parameters of count in hardware
configuration for controlling the frequency
measurement and adjust the parameters of PI control
to obtain the determine speed in PLC programming.
1.4 SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEMS (SCADA)
SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition. SCADA systems are used to
monitor and control a plant or equipment in
industries such as telecommunications, water and
waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and
transportation. These systems encompass the transfer
of data between a SCADA central host computer,
number of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs),
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), the central
host and the operator terminals.
SCADA systems consist of one or more field data
interface devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs, which
interface to field sensing devices and local control
switchboxes and valve actuators, a communications
system used to transfer data between field data
interface devices and control units and the computers
in the SCADA central host, A central host computer
server or servers (sometimes called a SCADA

Center, master station, or Master Terminal Unit
(MTU). [6]
II. PROJECT OVERVIEW
Fig.1 Method of Project Implementation
In this section, it will discuss an overall overview of
“Speed Control of Induction Motor uses a PLC and
SCADA system” project. The introduction to system
task will also briefly explain in this chapter. Finally,
the entire decision making will be addressed in this
section. Basically, software and hardware design will
be used in order to implement this project. In
addition, there some methods must be executed to
keep this project implemented successfully as shown
in Figure1.
III. HARDWARE DESIGN
In the hardware design part, overall component
such as PLC S7-300 (Siemens), Encoder, motor, and
drive micro master 440 (Siemens) will be integrated
to form the complete prototype as shown in figure 2.
The hardware components are the backbone of the
system. More detailed information of each section
will be discussed in the following sections.
Fig.2 Connections between PLC, drive and motor.
3.1 THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Induction motors are the most common motors
used for various equipment in the industry. Their
popularity is due to their simple design, they are
inexpensive and easy to maintain, and can be directly
connected to an AC power source. An induction
motor has two main electrical components
A- Rotor (Squirrel-cage rotor and Wound rotor)
B- Stator.
3.1.1 SPEED OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
The magnetic field created in the stator rotates at a
synchronous speed (NS).
(1)
Where:
NS = the synchronous speed of the stator magnetic
field in RPM
P = the number of poles on the stator
F = the supply frequency in Hertz
The magnetic field produced in the rotor because of
the induced voltage is alternating in nature. To reduce
the relative speed, with respect to the stator, the rotor
starts running in the same direction as that of the
stator flux and tries to catch up with the rotating flux.
However, in practice, the rotor never succeeds in
“catching up” to the stator field. The rotor runs
slower than the speed of the stator field. This speed is
called the Base Speed (Nb). The difference between
NS and Nb is called the slip. The slip varies with the
load. An increase in load will cause the rotor to slow
down or increase slip. A decrease in the Lord will
cause the rotor to speed up or decrease slip. The slip
is expressed as a percentage and can be determined
with the following formula:
(2)
Where:
NS = the synchronous speed in RPM

N b = the base speed in RPM. [7]
We controlled the speed of an AC induction motor in
our application by using:-
1- Open loop control system.
2- Closed loop control system
3.2 CONVERTER (MICRO MASTER 440)
The MICROMASTER 440 is frequency inverters
for speed control of three-phase motors. The various
models available cover the performance range from
120W to 200 KW (for constant torque (CT),
alternatively up to 250KW (for variable torque (VT)).
The inverters are microprocessor-controlled and use
state-of-the art insulated gate bipolar transistor
(IGBT) technology. This makes them reliable and
versatile. A special pulse- width modulation method
with selectable pulse frequency permits quiet motor
operation. With the factory default settings, the
MICROMASTER 440 is suitable for many variable
speed applications. Using the functionally grouped
parameters, the MICROMASTER 440 can adapt to
more demanding applications. The
MICROMASTWR 440 can be used in both “stand-
alone” applications as well as being integrated into
“automation systems”. Performance Characteristics:-
Vector Control, V/f Control, Built-in DC injection
brake, Compound braking to improve braking
performance, Built-in braking chopper, Ramp
function generator, Free Function Blocks, Positioning
Ramp down.
3.2.1 COMMISSIONING
In the standard version, the MICROMASTER
440 is fitted with the status display panel (SDP) with
which it is possible to use the inverter with the pre-
assigned factory settings for a large range of
applications. If these factory settings are not suitable,
you can adapt them to suit your equipment conditions
using the basic operator panel (BOP) or the advanced
operator panel (AOP). The BOP and AOP are
available as options. We used BOP in the
commissioning as shown in figure 3. [8]
Fig.3 Basic Operator Panel (BOP)
3.2.2 QUICK COMMISSIONING (BASIC
MODE)
Quick Commissioning is very important because
it sets the correct motor and control parameters.
Induction Motor Technical Specifications
V=230/400V, HZ=50, A=0.88/0.51, KW=0.12, COS
φ=0.64, RPM=645/min.
1- In the open loop system
P0100=0 USA default settings read from DIP switch,
P0304 =220V Rated motor voltage, P0305
=0.88A Rated motor current, P0307=0.12KW
Rated motor power, P0308=0.64 Rated motor COS
PHI, P0310 =50HZ Rated motor efficiency, P0311
=645/min rated motor speed (RPM), P0700=1
From BOP (keyboard), P1000=1 MOP set point,
P1080=0 Min.Frequency,P1082=50 Max.Frequency,
P3900=1Complete commissioning learns motor
model
2- In the closed loop system
We used the same command in the open loop system
except: -P0700 which means selection of command
source and P1000 which means selection of
frequency set point. [9]
Therefore, we putted in a closed loop system
P0700=6 CB on COM link (CB= communications
module), P1000=6 CB on COM link (CB=
communications module)
3.3 INCREMENTAL ROTARY ENCODER
Figure 4 shows the incremental rotary encoder
which we used it in this project to control the speed
of induction motor instead of the encoder of Siemens
Fig.4 Incremental rotary encoder
Specification of Incremental rotary encoder
Table 3.1 Specification of Incremental encoder
O/p type: - A, B, Z phase, Phase difference at o/p: -
phase difference between A, B phase T/4 +T/8(cycle
of phase = T), Max. Response frequency: - 300KHZ,
Power voltage: - 12-24V D.C+5%
Mode HE50B
Shaft external diameter 8
Pulse number per
revolution
250
Phase type 3:A, B, Z
Output type T: Totem-pole
Power voltage 24

Fig.5 output wave of incremental rotary encoder
Connection method wire
1- The black wire OUT (A)
2- The white wire OUT (B)
3- The orange wire OUT (Z)
4- The brown wire +V (12-24 V D.C)
5- The blue wire 0 V(GND)
Fig. 6 wiring diagram for Incremental rotary encoder
Connections between PLC and incremental rotary
encoder
Fig. 7 Connections between PLC and encoder [10]
IV. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
Through this project, Siemens S7-300 PLC,
Variable Frequency Drive (Micro Master 440), a
three-phase induction motor controlled by ladder
logic software
Hardware Configuration of PLC
1- Double click on short Cut for SIMATIC
Manager that is on the desktop
2- Open the menu file from the menu bar and
select New Project
3- Open the menu Insert then Station and select
somatic 300 stations
4- Open Hardware Configuration Editor and
Insert Rack
From the catalog:
1- Click on the SIMATIC 300
2- Click on Rack 300
3- Double Click on the Rail
4- Selecting the CPU from the list by order number,
then by version. If any product selected from the list
you will find the order number and Micro Master 440
from the list PROFIBUS DP then list of SIMOVERT
5- Open the properties of countable and select
frequency counting
6- Save & Compile Hardware Configuration
7- Downloading HW Configuration to the PLC
Fig. 8 Hardware Configuration
Software Configurations
The experiments were conducted based on ladder
logic programming which is a software installed on a
personal computer according to which the PLC takes
the sensor inputs, processes them according to the
program and gives the output to the VFD which again
processes this input within the drive and finally
controls the speed and position of the motor
Through this project, we used SFB 48 (system
function block) for controlling the Frequency
Measurement and Continuous Control with SFB 41
"Continues control" to control technical processes
with continuous input and output variables on
SIMATIC S7-300 programmable logic controllers.
In SFB 41:- We putted set point as floating-point
number and adjusted the Gain so that
1- High-limit speed of the motor is "16000.0"
equal to 50 HZ on The Micro- Master 440.
2- Half limit the speed of the motor is "8000.0"
equal to 25 HZ on the Micro- Master 440.
3- Quarter limit speed of the motor is "4000.0" equal
to 12 HZ on the Micro- Master 440
Fig.9 show maximum frequency when we putted set
point equal to "16000.0", the frequency appeared on
micro-master 440 equal to 50HZ

Fig.9 Maximum of frequency on Micro-Master
SCADA program output
The SCADA program was also written using ladder
logic and then run simultaneously from the SCADA
screen developed by using WINCC explorer
program. The SCADA software enables human
operator to control the entire operation away from the
plant and just by using the virtual inputs designated
on his computer screen. Table 4 shows the input-
output address of the SCADA program.
We used two input/output fields; we have chosen the
tag of gain that is linked to a PLC address (MD230)
and the tag of set point that is linked to a PLC
address (MD220)
In input/output field for internal setup point of PI
control: We putted set point per scaling and adjusted
the gain so that:-
1- High-limit of set point is 100% equal to 50 HZ on
the micromaster 440 as shown in fig.
2- Half limit of set point is 50% equal to 25 HZ on
the micromaster 440
3- Quarter limit of set point is 25% equal to 12.5 HZ
on the micromaster 440.
Fig.10 WINCC online trend and table control when
set point change from 12000.0 to 16000.0
V. Conclusion
The goal of this project was motivated to control
Speed of motor using PLC (Siemens) S7-300,
converter micro master 440, incremental rotary
encoder instead of the encoder (Siemens) because the
incremental encoder is cheaper than encoder
(Siemens) and performs the same action as encoder
(Siemens) so that we adjust the parameters of count
in hardware configuration for controlling the
frequency measurement and adjust the parameters of
PI control to obtain the determine the speed in PLC
programming as shown in the results of the above
figures. Also in this project we were motivated to
monitor the speed of three phase induction motor
using a SCADA system. The control system is
designed based on the most advanced technology
which gives a high amount of flexibility and
efficiency. Monitoring system gives facility of
analyzing the operation of induction motor in an
online / offline mode, which makes the system to be
safe from any fault/error conditions.
Acknowledgements
I am so grateful to Allah, Prof. Salah Ghazy,
Dr. Wael Abd El-Rahman Mohamed and Eng. Said
Farhat for their inspiring guidance, valuable advice,
and contentious encouragement throughout the
progress of this research.
REFERENCES
[1] S.R.Venupriya, K.P.Thanusre, P.Saranya, "A
Novel Method Of Induction Motor Speed
Control Using PLC", International Journal for
Research in Applied Science & Engineering
Technology (IJRASET) , 3(2), 2015
[2] Yasar Birbir, H.Selcuk Nogay, "Design and
Implementation of PLC-Based Monitoring
Control System for Three-Phase Induction
Motors Fed by PWM Inverter", international
journal of systems applications, engineering
&development, 2( 3), 2008
[3] Ali Gulabi," Development of an Embedded
SCADA System with PLC and Java
Application for Synchronous Operation of
Standard Servo Drives", Master thesis, Faculty
of Engineering and Computer Science of the
University of Applied Sciences Hamburg, May
2007
[4] Hugh Jack, "automating manufacturing
systems with PLCs", April 2005
[5] Rinchen Geongmit Dorjee, "Monitoring and
Control of a Variable Frequency Drive Using
PLC and SCADA", International Journal on
Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing
and Communication, 2 (10), October 2014
[6] National Communications System,
"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) Systems", October 2004

[7] Rakesh Parekh, Microchip Technology Inc.,"
AC Induction Motor Fundamentals", 2003
[8] Siemens, MICRO MASTER 440 operating
instructions manual, December 2002
[9] https://cache.industry.siemens.com/dl/files/M
M440_PList_Engl_B1.pdf,"available to
20/5/2015"
[10] Siemens, Simatic automation system S7-300
Getting Started Collection manual, December
2003

Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA System