Short Range Radar System using Arduino Uno

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
p-ISSN: 2395-0072Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net
Short Range Radar System using Arduino Uno
Akshay Bochare1, Mukesh Saini2
1M.Tech Student, Patel Institute of Engineering & Science, Bhopal, M.P, India
2Assistant Professor, Patel Colleage of Science & Technology, Bhopal, M.P, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) is a
device which is used for monitoring a particular area 24/7.
The basic needs of these are security. RADAR is an object
detecting device. It can be used to detect aircraft, spacecraft,
missiles, vehicles, weather formation and so on. Radar is an
addition to man’s sensory equipment which affords
genuinely new facilities. It consists of Trans-receiver and
Processor. RADAR can be of many types. Ultrasonic RADAR is
an object detecting system which is used to monitor an area
of short range. This system consists of an Arduino which is
interfaced to an Ultrasonic Sensor mounted on a Servo
Motor. This system is programmed using embedded C, and
the result is observed on MATLAB platform.
Key Words: MATLAB Simulink for Arduino, Arduino
UNO, Servo Motor
1. INTRODUCTION
Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio
waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.
It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided
missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.,
This project gives sufficient knowledge of Arduino,
MATLAB Simulink for Arduino and mechanics. Servos are
small but powerful motors that can be used in a multitude
of products ranging from toy helicopters to robots. In this
project we are using the Ultrasonic Sensor for operate by
emitting a burst of sound waves in very rapid succession.
These sound waves hit the intended target, bounce back to
the sensor, and travel at known speed. An ultrasonic
sensor, radar is much less affected by temperature,
improving consistency and accuracy.
Radar was developed secretly for military use by several
nations in the period before and during World War II. The
term RADAR was coined in 1940 by the United States
Navy as an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
Radar can track storm systems, because precipitation
reflects electromagnetic fields at certain frequencies.
Radar can also render precise maps. Radar systems are
widely used in air traffic control, air craft navigation and
marine navigation. United States and four commonwealth
countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and south
Africa also developed their own radar systems.
2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Fig shows the block diagram of Short range radar system.
Fig-1 Block diagram of the short range radar
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
The above fig.1 shows the Block Diagram of the short
range radar system. Here we use Arduino Uno
microcontroller which is open source to implement
embedded based system. ATMEGA 328 microcontroller
send 10 micro second pulse width to ultrasonic
transmitter, echo back signal receive by TX module of
ultrasonic. After then receive pulse width calculated by
micro controller. Here we use servo motor on which
ultrasonic module is mounted for receive 180 degree
signal.
Microcontroller and MATLAB communicated through
UART protocol with the baud rate of 9600. This protocol
work on ASCII value. So calculated distance transmit from
microcontroller to MATLAB COM PORT. According sensing
different obstacle which are around 180 degree and 250
cm range, visible as a red spot on MATLAB GUI.
2.1.1 ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328. It has 32k Byte in system programmable flash,
14 digital I/O pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack and a reset button. Arduino is an
open-source platform used for constructing and programing
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008Certified Journal | Page 335

of electronics. It can receive and send information to most
devices, and even through the internet to command the
specific electronic device. It uses a hardware called
Arduino Uno circuit board. It contains everything needed
to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started. "Uno" means one in
Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of
Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference
versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest
in a series of USB Arduino boards.
Fig -2: Arduino board
Table -1: Arduino board specifications
Input Voltage
(recommended)
7-12V
Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins
54 (of which 15 provide
PWM output)
Operating Voltage 5V
Analog Input Pins 16
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory
32KB (ATmega328P)
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega338P)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Length 101.52 mm
Width 68.6 mm
Weight 25 g
2.1.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensors are based on the measurement of the
properties of acoustic waves with frequencies above the
human audible range often at roughly 40kHz. Three different
properties of the received echo pulse may be evaluated for
different sensing Purposes: 1)Time of flight, 2)Doppler shift,
3)Amplitude attenuation. Ultrasonic ranging module HC-
SR04 provides 2cm-400cm non-contact measurement
function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The
modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and
control circuit. The ultrasonic sensor works using trigger
and echo method. The transceiver module triggers and sends
the signal to the water the water sends back an echo signal
which is read by the echo i.e. the receiver module. The Ultra
sonic sensor calculated distance of the signal and returns the
level of the water. The travel time value and the speed value
allow the sensor to calculate the level of the water. The
figure below is the image of the ultrasonic sensor used in the
project.
Fig -3: Ultrasonic Sensor
Table -2: Ultrasonic sensor specifications
2.1.3 SERVO MOTOR
A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or
rotate an object with great precision. If you want to rotate
and object at some specific angles or distance, then you use
servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which run
Power Supply +5V DC
Working Current 15mA
Effectual Angle <15°
Ranging Distance 2cm – 400 cm/1″ –
13ftResolution 0.3 cm
Measuring Angle 30 degree
Trigger Input Pulse
width
10uS
Dimension 45mm x 20mm x
15mm

through servo mechanism. Servo Motor is a rotary
actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control
of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.
Servos are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of
variable width, or pulse width modulation [PWM] through
the control wire.
Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and
signal. If motor is used is DC powered then it is called DC
servo motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called
AC servo motor. The position of servo motor is decided
by electrical pulse and its circuitry is placed beside the
motor.
Fig -3: Servo Motor
2.1.4 ZIGBEE
ZigBee is a new wireless technology guided by IEEE
802.15.4. It is currently operates 2.4GHZ in worldwide at a
maximum data rate up to 250kbps. One of the major
advantages is provide noise free for communication. There
are three different devices: (1) ZigBee coordinator node,
(2) The full function devices FFD, (3) The reduced function
device RFD. ZigBee provides the ability to run for years on
inexpensive batteries for a host of monitoring and control
applications. The ZigBee network layer ensures that
networks remain operable in the conditions of a
constantly changing quality between communication
nodes.
Fig -4: ZigBee
Table -2: ZigBee specifications
Power supply
Years
Distance 50-1600m
Complicity
Simple
Transmission Speed 256kbps
Frequency Range 915MHZ (US),
2.4GHZNetwork Nodes 65535
DC Current for 3.3V
Pin
50 mA
Power Output
1-100mW
Frequency Hopping Direct Spread
SpectrumSecurity 128bit
3. FLOW CHART
Fig -5: Flowchart of Hardware System
First, we set the baud rate 9600 to communicate with the
MATLAB. Here we are mounting ultrasonic module on the
servo motor which rotate 180° from clockwise to anti-
clockwise direction for this we set. PWM for servo motor.
After than choosing the timer we are sending 10µS pulse
width on ultrasonic TX pin. Now RX echo pulse width
calculates by Arduino Uno microcontroller. After than the
real time distance passing for MATLAB terminal at 9600
baud rate. This distance display on MATLAB through
graphical geo.

4. HARDWARE RESULT
Fig -6: Result of Hardware
5. CONCLUSION
We have represented a project on Ultrasonic RADAR for
security system for human or object interference in a short
range. The system has been successfully implemented and
the aim is achieved without any deviation. There is a lot of
future scope of this project because of its security capacity.
It can be used in many applications. This project can also
be developed or modified according to the rising needs
and demand.
REFERENCES
[1] Gangaram Bhor, Pratik Bhandari, Rahul Ghodekar,
Sushant Deshmukh,” Mini Radar”, e-ISSN: 2330-
8163, March-2016
[2] Yusuf Abdullahi Badamasi, “The Working Principle
Of An Arduino”, 978-1-4799-4106-3/14, © 2014
IEEE
[3] http://radartutorial.en (intro, principle of operation)
[4] http://microcontrollerslab.com/servo-motor-control-
and-interfacing-with-arduino
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org
[6] http://robotforpro.blogspot.in (sensor)
[7] Nikhil Kawade, Shaguftah Mulla, Gayatri Mahale, Rohit
Mahapure,’ Intrusion Detection and Identification in
Water Distribution Network”, Vol:4, Issue: 4, April:
2017
[8] https://www.jlab.org/ir/MITSeries/V1-1.pdf

Short Range Radar System using Arduino Uno

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Short Range Radar System using Arduino Uno (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Short Range Radar System using Arduino Uno