Certified Ethical Hacking

Certified Ethical Hacking
Lab #9 – Assessment Worksheet
Investigating and Responding to Security Incidents
Course Name and Number: CSS280–1501A–01 Ethical Hacking
Student Name: ***** ******
Instructor Name: ***** ******
Lab Due Date: 2/9/2015
Overview
In this lab, you acted as a member of the incident response team who had been assigned an incident
response in the form of a help desk trouble ticket. You followed the phases of a security incident
response to investigate the event, contain the malware, eradicate the suspicious files, re–test the
system in readiness for returning it to service, and complete a detailed security incident response
report in the provided template. You used AVG ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You also used the OpenVAS scanning tool to scan the TargetSnort virtual machine to test the Snort
configuration and see exactly what circumstances trigger an IDS alert.
Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1. What is the difference between an IDS and an IPS?
The main difference between one system and the other is the action they take when an attack is
detected in its initial phases (network scanning and port scanning). * The Intrusion Detection
System (IDS) provides the network with a level of preventive security against any suspicious
activity. The IDS achieves this objective through early warnings aimed at systems administrators.
However, unlike IPS, it is not designed to block attacks. * An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is a
device that controls access to IT networks in order to protect systems from attack and abuse. It is
designed to inspect attack data and take the corresponding action, blocking it as it is developing and
before it succeeds, creating a series of rules in the corporate firewall, for example. 2. Why is it
important to perform a network traffic baseline definition analysis?
So the administrator can ensure that the presence, absence, amount, direction,
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Cyber Security And Technology Detection System
If a collection of technologies designed to form a tool to safeguard computers, data and networks
from unauthorized access or attacks, then this tool can be named as cyber security. To guarantee the
safety of a system a tool should be able to detect an anomaly or intrusion. Thus this tool set consist
of at least an Intrusion detection system. The system tries to prevent intrusion by having firewalls
and tries to eliminate the damage done by the use of antivirus.
Attacks can be classified as "known attacks" or "anomaly based". Some attacks have signature
similar to previous attacks others are novel and may have no common signature. To deal with such
variation different techniques are incorporated. Thus, we can say IDS (intrusion detection system)
can be classified into 2 main categories. One that uses the signature of previous attacks to estimate
or detect intrusion other that checks for anomalies. Both have their limitations and advantages.
Biggest limitation of anomaly system is false reports. Thus a third type of system also exists,
Hybrid, which uses both the previous two to detect Intrusions.
The paper is intended for beginner and focuses on ML/DM techniques for cyber security. The main
characteristic that separates this paper from other survey papers is that it covers most popular
techniques based on citation count and also most emerging techniques based on publish dates. Also
it compares those techniques and as we all know different problems have different optimum

Detection And Prevention System For Cloud Infrastructure
Abstract– In this era of technology when everything is available at just one click; Security is a big
issue. Hackers and intruders are getting smarter. There are various methods to protect the network
infrastructure as well as communication over the internet, for example firewalls, encryption, and
virtual private networks. Intrusion detection is a comparatively new approach to such techniques. By
using intrusion detection, we can collect and use information from acknowledged attacks and figure
out if somebody is trying to attack the network/host. In this paper, we have classified different types
of IDS. Also we have proposed a hybrid model for intrusion detection and prevention system for
cloud infrastructure, which has improved the quality of detecting the unidentified attack via
anomaly–based detection along with a module which will try to diminish the number of false alarms
which are generated by the system. Our proposed system finds random attacks in network and
prevents these attacks automatically using the mechanism.
Keywords– Intrusion detection system, Security, K–learning algorithm, Snort tool, Prevention,
Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
Attacks on the nation's computer infrastructures are becoming gradually more severe problem.
Although the problem is ubiquitous, administrations are predominantly appealing objectives as well
as they are inclined to be more willing to disclose such events than business associations. Intrusions
are the actions which violate the security

Computer Security As A Critical Problem For Computer Systems
ABSTRACT Over the past decade computer networks have rapid growth, but the computer security
became a critical problem for computer systems. Thus in the recent years various soft computing
technique based methods were proposed to detects the growth of intrusion. Also many researchers
have reported that the large set of pattern classifications and machine learning algorithms are trained
and testing is made on the knowledge discovery data intrusion detection dataset is unsuccessful in
finding the remote–to–local attacks and user–to root attacks. Moreover Hyperbolic Hopfield Neural
Network(HHNN) based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) detection stability, detection ratio,
particularly low–frequent attacks are still required to be improved. Thus this paper proposes a new
method known as K–Medoids–HNNN using the technique HHNN and K–Medoids clustering. This
system achieves the higher intrusion detection rate, detection stability and less false positive rate. At
first the proposed system implements the K–Medoids clustering technique on the various training
subsets. Afterwards a mono HHNN model is trained using the different training subsets to detect the
intrusion. The experimental results shows the K–Medoids–HHNN approach achieve better results
rather than other framework.
Keywords: Network Security, Intrusion Detection System, Hyperbolic Hopfield Neural Network,
K–Medoids Clustering approach
1. INTRODUCTION In the last decades, the computer network systems are very

Intrusion Detection System For A Network And Deal With...
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM
Rohit Mavle,Akshay Bhand, Akansha Kedari
Department of Computer Engineering,
K. C. College Of Engineering and Management Studies and Research durveshkambli@gmail.com
navnitdhyani@gmail.com tejaisbest@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
There are various issues in intrusion detection system. It must detect the malicious activities going
on in a network and deal with the enormous amount of network traffic. In this paper,things like
accuracy and efficiency using CRFs and Layered Approach have been addressed.
The CRFs reduce the number of false alarms thus improving the attack detection accuracy,while the
overall system efficiency can be improved using Layered Approach.Thus, an obvious way it to sum
them up for building a system that accurately detects attacks.Four attack layers are selected related
to the attack groups(U2R, DoS, R2L, and Probe) and perform feature selection for each layer. The
results from individual classifiers at a layer are not combined at any later stage in the Layered
Approach, hence,we can block the attack at the detected layer.
1. INTRODUCTION
Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a type of security management system for computers and
networks. An ID system gathers and analyzes information from various areas within a computer or a
network to identify possible security breaches, which include both intrusions and misuse functions,
does

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Network...
Abstract
In recent times to keep up the network security is a foremost and the network is hacked by the
unofficial persons. There are various strategies to extend the safety similar to encryption and
firewall. However these strategies are failed to detect the intrusions. For that a new technology is
Intrusion detection system. The Intrusion detection is the problem of identifying unauthorized use,
misuse and abuse of computer systems. Outside attackers are not only the problem, the threat of
authorized users misusing and abusing their privileges is an equally pressing concern. The intrusion
detection system used data mining strategies for the network safety, as a result of to guard the
network from numerous assaults and malicious site visitors ... Show more content on
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2) Most of the advantages of network based Intrusion detection system don't apply to small segment
of network i.e. switch based network. Monitoring range of switches are not universal, this limits the
network based Intrusion detection system monitoring range to single host.
3) Some network based Intrusion detection system have also problem in dealing with network based
attacks which involve the packet fragmentation. This anomalously fashioned packet triggers the
Intrusion detection system to change into unstable and crash. [3].
B. Host based System
A host–based Intrusion detection system monitors activities associated with a particular host [6] and
aimed at collecting information about activity on a host system or within an individual computer
system. In host based Intrusion detection system separate sensors would be needed for an individual
computer system. Sensor monitors the event takes place on the system. Sensors collect the data from
system logs, logs generated by operating system processes, application activity, file access and
modification. These log file can be simple text file or operation on a system.

Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion Detection, And...
Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion
Detection, and Incident Response
Kevin M. Smith
CSEC662 – University of Maryland, University College
31 May 15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview 3
Greiblock Credit Union Policy Regarding Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis, Intrusion Detection, and
Incident Response 6
Purpose 6
Scope 6
Policy 6
Dynamic Vulnerability Analysis 6
Intrusion Detection 7
Incident Response 8
Enforcement 9
Incident Response 9
Metrics 10
Incident Response 11
References 12
OVERVIEW
With the increase in threats over the past few years it is no longer acceptable for an organization to
feel data is protected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determining what hardware underlies applications and data – to identify servers (both physical and
virtual), web based applications, and data storage devices that hold critical and sensitive data.
Mapping of network infrastructure – to understand the network devices that applications and
hardware depend on for secure performance.
Identification of controls already in place – including policies, firewalls, applications, intrusion and
detection prevention systems, virtual private networks, data loss prevention and encryption.

Running vulnerability scans – to identify known vulnerabilities within an organizational system.
Application of context to scan results – to determine which infrastructure vulnerabilities should be
targeted first and most aggressively.
The goal of intrusion detection is to monitor network assets, detect anomalous behavior, and identify
misuse within a network (Ashoor, Gore, 2011). An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or
software application that monitors network system activities for malicious activity or policy
violations and produces reports to a management station (Kashyap, Agrawal, Pandey, Keshri, 2013),
additionally there are three types of IDS:
Host based IDS – monitors a computer system on which it is installed in order to detect intrusion or
misuse by analyzing several types of logs files including kernel, system, server, network and
firewall logs, and compares logs with signatures for known attacks.
Network based

Information As An Asset Can Not Be Overemphasized
Information as an asset cannot be overemphasized. Governments and corporate bodies rely on
information mainly for national security agenda and competitive advantage respectively. In today's
increasingly complex interconnection of networks devices, securing information and information
systems from attackers cannot be compromised. Firewalls have been around for decades to filter
incoming packets to help with securing information assets nevertheless the ingenuity of attackers
and continually varying techniques to circumvent security controls leave holes' attackers can exploit.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems work to keep up with changes in attacking techniques.
These systems can be configured to log anomalies based on a training data set fed into the system
over time. This way security experts monitoring events can take a closer look at traffic and decide
on what to do based on security policy. Signature Based Detection also help capture certain
malicious traffic that may bypass the firewall. There are several intrusion detection systems namely
Bro, Suricata, Snort, Checkpoint and many others. In this lab report we take a closer look at Snort.
Snort is predominantly a signature–based detection freeware initially designed as a packet sniffer for
traffic analysis but has grown with plugins to preprocess packets and send alerts when incoming
traffic contain patterns specified in defined rule sets. Snort is widely used in the corporate world to
monitor network perimeters

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Honeypots
Abstract–Computer Networks and Internet has become very famous nowadays since it satisfies
people with varying needs by providing variety of appropriate services. Computer Networks have
revolutionized our use of computers. Online bills, shopping, transactions and many other essential
activities performed on the go by just a single click from our homes. Though it is a boon in this era,
it also has its own risks and weaknesses too. Industries need to tussle to provide security to their
networks and indeed not possible to offer a cent per cent security due to the intangible intelligence
of hackers intruding into the network. This paper exploits the concept of honeypots for providing
security to networks of industries which may not have custom ... Show more content on
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Internet is a network of networks. It is based on the concept of packet switching. Though the
services offered by Internet are extensively used from a layman to multi–millionaire it also has its
own defects. Many attacks on Internet are being identified and reported. Some of the common types
of
network attacks are eavesdropping, data modification, identity spoofing, password–based attacks
and denial of service attacks. To overcome all these types of attacks an organisation usually installs
an intrusion detection system to protect the confidential data exchanged over its network. The local
network is then connected to the Internet thereby availing the employees to be online on the fly.
Information security has three main objectives namely 1. Data confidentiality 2.Data integrity 3.
Data availability. Data confidentiality ensures that the secure data can be accessed only by
authorized persons. Data integrity allows secure modification of data. Data availability ensures that
the data is available readily to authorized persons. Small scale industries often do not prefer on
intrusion detection systems due to its installation and maintenance costs. Honeypots and Honeynets
are an efficient alternative for such

Securing Healthcare Networks Against Cyber Attacks Essay
Securing Healthcare Networks against Cyber–Attacks
Abstract:
In the current era of digitization, with all the data being converted from paper to electronic records,
even the healthcare industry has become so dependent on technology. As hospitals are adopting
electronic means for data storage, medical results, transactions and billing, utmost care is to be taken
to protect a patient's personal privacy by protecting their electronic health records, which is only
possible by enhancing the security and privacy of the hospital's network. This paper proposes certain
security mechanisms for a more controlled and safer access to the healthcare provider's network,
thus being aware of every device trying to access the network and making sure only authorized
devices are able to connect, with the help of measures such as, intrusion detection systems to
continuously monitor the network, firewalls to ensure endpoint devices comply with security
policies and biometrics for identity based network access control.
1. Introduction–
Numerous health care industries have been victims of cyber–attacks. Such attacks occur when an
isolated device transfers the stored medical data to the hospital's network, which could possibly
takeover the entire network of the hospital and intercept data exchange between the patient and the
healthcare center. For instance, wearable devices such as the (insulin) diabetes kit that determines
the exact amount to be discharged into the patient's blood, based on

Growing Threat of Computer Crimes
Running head: THE GROWING THREAT OF COMPUTER CRIME The Growing Threat of
Computer Crime Diana Ritter Baker College of Cadillac May 9, 2001 Abstract Computers have
been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage,
espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One study of 1,500
computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within
businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of
personal computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing
numbers of crimes––electronic trespassing, copyrighted–information piracy, vandalism––have been
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Convicted computer hacker, John Lee, a founder of the infamous "Master's of Deception" hacker
group stated that he could change credit card records and bank balances, get free limousines,
airplane tickets, and hotel rooms (without anyone being billed), change utility and rent rates,
distribute computer software programs free to all over the internet, and easily obtain insider trading
information. Imagine.........this is just one person. Think of all the hundreds of "hackers" that are out
there. Computer stalking. One type of computer criminal rapidly emerging is the "cyber stalker".
One such stalker, the pedophile, surfs the net looking to build relationships with young boys or girls
and then sets out to meet them in person to pursue his/her sexual intensions. This type of activity
also leads to sellers of child pornography over the internet. Virtual crimes. Stock and bond fraud is
already appearing on the internet. Stocks and bonds that appear on the market are actively traded
(for a short period of time) and then disappear. These stocks and bonds are nonexistent–only the
electronic impulses are read. One must note, however, no matter how clever the hacker, the most
serious security threat in most enterprises is password theft. Password stealing is the "holy grail" of
hacking. Once a username/password combination has been found, the hacker has free rein to exploit
that user account. Firewalls, intrusion detection

Packet Inspection Using A Hierarchical Pattern Matching...
Packet Inspection Using a Hierarchical Pattern Matching Algorithm
T. .Mukthar Ahamed
Academic Consultant
Dept. of CSE
YSR Engineering College of YVU
Proddatur, India tmukthar@gmail.com Abstract: Detection engines capable of inspecting packet
payloads for application–layer network information are urgently required. The most important
technology for fast payload inspection is an efficient multipattern matching algorithm, which
performs exact string matching between packets and a large set of predefined patterns. This paper
proposes a novel Enhanced Hierarchical Multipattern Matching Algorithm (EHMA) for packet
inspection. Based on the occurrence frequency of grams, a small set of the most frequent grams is
discovered and used in the EHMA. EHMA is a two–tier and cluster–wise matching algorithm,
which significantly reduces the amount of external memory accesses and the capacity of memory.
Using a skippable scan strategy, EHMA speeds up the scanning process. Furthermore, independent
of parallel and special functions, EHMA is very simple and therefore practical for both software and
hardware implementations. Simulation results reveal that EHMA significantly improves the
matching performance. The speed of EHMA is about 0.89–1,161 times faster than that of current
matching algorithms. Even under real–life intense attack, EHMA still performs well.
Index Terms– Inspection, Detection, pattern matching, network security, signatures.
1. Introduction: A variety of

Essay On The Design And Development Of Intrusion Detection...
The Design & Development of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Savannah Riley Liberty
University CSIS 340–D01 8/20/2017 Abstract An IT Disaster Recovery plan is something that is
extremely essential for a business to have whenever a disaster hits. Typically when a disaster hits
where a business is located, a business's systems go offline and are vulnerable to cyberattacks and
hacking among other issues. By designing and developing an intrusion detection and prevention
system for a company, a company will have the ability to know when an attack is coming and how
to prevent the attack from being successful. Identifying the vulnerabilities in the current
configuration of the network and knowing know to mitigate them will assist in making a ... Show
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If the castle owner wants his castle to be protected, he has to know what his weaknesses are first.
His weaknesses can consist of how exposed the castle is to an attack, periphery in the sense of
measuring the extent of the castle walls and openings that susceptible to attack, lack of protection,
the threat of the approaching army, the actual attack done by the army, and the vulnerabilities of how
the castle can be breached in order for the army to gain access to the gold (Gatford, et al., 2007).
Human errors are the main vulnerability that the current network configuration has. Humans are the
ones who created and implemented the network system in the first place. Humans are obviously not
perfect and can create unknown vulnerabilities in the system when making it. All authentication
errors and misuses trace back to humans also. Unauthorized access, authentication misuse, and
authentication errors are also vulnerabilities that the current configuration has. By strengthening the
network system using a stronger system than the traditional ID and password system can reduce
unauthorized access to a minimum. Authentication misuse is prevalent due to some humans being
unethical. A way to counter these unethical people is to have people be more knowledge about
security policies and how to properly leave their workstation before they leave work for the day.
Authentication errors

Essay Intrusion Detection Systems
Intrusion Detection Systems
In 1980, James Anderson's paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the
notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed
for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An
IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The
IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in
the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the
console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through
this paper we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With NIDS the system attempts to detect threats and attacks, such as denial of service attacks, port
scans and attempts to hack into computers by monitoring the network traffic in real time through a
promiscuous connection. It does so by first filtering out all known non–malicious traffic and then
analyzing the remaining incoming packets for suspicious patterns that could be threats. It is not
however limited to just analyzing incoming packets, the system also analyzes the outgoing local
traffic, in case of an attack/threat that originates inside of the local network. Snort is an example of
this.
Host based intrusion detection systems unlike network intrusion detection systems, which focus on a
computing system's external interfaces, host based systems focus on the monitoring and examination
of the computing system's internals. Host based systems are more concerned with the changes in
state of a computing system. It detects these changes by analyzing system specific logs either in real
time or periodically. When there is any change in the logs the IDS will compare the current
configuration of the security policy to the changes and react accordingly. An example of this would
be tripwire.
Protocol based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the
protocol. In a typical setup there is a system or agent sitting at the front end of the server. This agent
or system monitors the communication protocol between the

Cyber Surveillance And Intrusion Detection System Essay
Abstract
In this era of technology, everything is available at just one click; Security is a big issue when we
talk about networks. Hackers and intruders are getting smarter. There are various methods to secure
the network infrastructure and communication over the Internet, for example firewalls, encryption,
and virtual private networks. Intrusion detection is a relatively new approach to such techniques. By
using intrusion detection, we can collect and use information from known types of attacks and find
out if someone is trying to attack the network/host.
Keywords: intrusion detection system
I. Introduction
Intrusions are the activities that violate the security policy of system. Intruders may be from outside
the network or legitimate users of the network. Intrusion can be a physical, system or remote
intrusion. Intrusion Detection is the process used to identify intrusions i.e. a piece of software that
monitors a computer system or network resources to detect malicious activities unauthorized
attempts to use the system or abuse of existing privileges in a network or on a host system. It
identifies and stops attacks in progress and conducts forensic analysis once attack is over. It detects
intrusions and attacks that were not stopped by preventative techniques (firewalls, packet–filtering
routers, proxy servers. In this whole approach, determining 'who ' is much harder than just detecting
that an intrusion occurred. Figure: The role of Intrusion Detection in network

Electronic Detection Systems Is High Rate Of False Alarms
As computer attacks are becoming more and more difficult to identify the need for better and more
efficient intrusion detection systems increases. The main problem with current intrusion detection
systems is high rate of false alarms. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are large–scale
cooperative attacks launched from a large number of compromised hosts called Zombies, Which are
a major threat to Internet services. Therefore, keeping this problem in view here presents various
significant areas where genetic algorithm techniques seem to be a strong technique for detecting and
preventing DDoS attack. Our purpose of this work is to examine how to integrate multiple intrusion
detection sensors in order to minimize the number of incorrect alarms.so a brief introduction to the
parameters and evolution process of a GA will be provided by this process and how to implement it
in real IDS.
Keywords: Distributed Denial of Service attack, Genetic Algorithm, Zombies, intruders ,intrusion
detection INTRODUCTION
The main problem with current intrusion detection systems is the high rate of false alarms triggered
off by attackers. Effective way of protecting the network against malicious attacks is the problem in
both area of research and the computer network managing professionals. Improved monitoring of
malicious attacks will require integration of multiple monitoring systems. In our current project we
are analyzing potential benefits of distributed multi sensor

What Is The Host-Based Intrusion Detection System?
One positive quality uncovered by the inspectors was the vigorous host–based intrusion detection
system (IDS) that encompassed a thorough incident logging and reporting resource that was
implemented by Bank Solutions. However, nothing was established regarding guidelines, policies or
the DRBCP that would focus on managing security incidents, actions to take, or point of contacts to
connect in case of incidents. A policy is simply an all–purpose proclamations or administrative
instruction intended to accomplish the goals of an organization by delivering the structure to which
procedures will be executed. "The policy is a simple document stating that a particular high–level
control objective is important to the organization's success" ... Show more content on
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By disregarding any portions of your security is detrimental to the organization. While avoiding
every single threat is unfeasible, using the organizations IDS, routers and firewalls your network
security is at least not left unprotected. One subject that was brought forth by employees was within
the item processing facility. For unknown reasons to employees, backup functions were routinely
failing. When the inspector conversed this matter with the IT Manager on duty, he simply ignored
the malfunction because gathered images and data were being transmitted and archived at the data
center daily and it was not a concern. When an operating system is not backing up data, you have
two basic issues. One your relying on someone or something else to back up crucial data and not
considering why the system is not performing as it should to protect its data. The other is not
physically having replacement items of the utmost vital information being protected in case
something were to go erroneous with the operating systems, such as a computer crash, virus
infection, hard drive failure, or mother nature that relates in damage and loss of information. Finally,
backup tapes at two different item processing facilities are being stored unsatisfactorily. Currently,
one site the night shift Operations Manager retains their backup

The Positive And Negative Aspects Of E-Business
Internet is everywhere, it is a like global network which provide and has great potential in changing
the business works today. With advent of new changes in internet there has been a great change in
the way organization's business models work these days. As internet provides a platform globally to
be interconnect all the time, E–business has become a trend setter to big and small companies.
Hence, internet connectivity is a vital aspect of business and especially for today's e–business. There
is always a two side for anything, one is the positive aspect and other is the negative aspect. The
positive aspect being is, internet helps reach millions of end users through e–business, but it also
brings in lots of risks and losses to business that one should be ready for. As so much of data or
information available on the internet, it becomes imperative to keep a watch on harmful users
online. Though organization develop Information systems for harmless end users, the same data or
information is also available for harmful users/hackers. The hackers can get access in to
organization data with below vulnerabilities.
Software bugs
Administration Gap
Default Configurations
Above a few common vulnerabilities that hackers feed on. Different techniques are used for
malicious users in–order to break in to organization's system. Few common techniques which are
used are sniffing unencrypted or clear text traffic, password cracking, disguise as company's
vendors, etc are used to

Cloud Computing Using Intrusion Detection And Prevention...
Abstract:– public cloud is vulnerable to threats from attackers. in this paper we propose a method to
protect the data in cloud computing using intrusion detection and prevention system. It helps to
protect the data from unauthorized access and from various attacks to the cloud environment .we
propose a method where IDS with HONEYPOT can be integrated at the provider side to have a
robust data security for the cloud user data access. 1.Introduction:– In this century, Internet is on the
edge of another revolution, where resources are globally networked and can be easily shared. Cloud
computing is in the focus that uses the Internet as a large repository where resources are available to
everyone as services.[5]. many people prefer cloud services for its flexibility,versatility,anywhere
accessibility of the services through internet. Cloud Computing is an internet based computing
technology primarily based on utilization of computing power that provides different types of
services by utilizing pool of resources mainly hardware, software, database, network, in terms of
pay–for–use basis as per specific Service label agreement. Cloud Computing is becoming more and
more popular at present information technology setup of many large organizations. [2]. security
plays a major role from the user prospective in the cloud environment. Cloud computing also suffers
from various traditional attacks such as IPspoofing ,Address Resolution Protocol spoofing, Routing
Information

The Internet Is Becoming A Threat For Civil Framework
IT Systems and many other networking technologies have controlled a large section of our lives. A
substantial amount of people rely on a form of these technologies in day to day life.
Communication, transport, leisure, workplace, health and many other areas are now very reliant on
these newer networking technologies. This has now become a threat to civil framework and has
shown us how vulnerable the systems in place have become. For example as the use of emails has
grown there has been an evolution in malware and viruses which attach to emails without the
receiver even noticing. In this modern day e–commerce which relies on computer systems for
transactions to take place and has become a virtual marketplace and allows businesses to have
online stores which makes it accessible for the customer. Customers can now buy services and
goods without having to leave their homes. "While many computer systems collect audit data, most
do not have any capability for automated analysis of that data" [Anderson, et al, 1995]. "The Internet
is becoming increasingly dangerous; not only for large companies, but smaller networks are also
being targeted by malicious activity" [Overall statistics for 2014]. Many of the technologies used
within these systems are now being exploited by criminals trying to access information and perform
other criminal activities. The main reason for this is because most of the infrastructure in place is
controlled by IT systems and the security systems in place

The Problem Of Cyber Security Solutions
The seemingly exponential growth of the Internet has resulted in a largely unforeseen increase in the
type, frequency and variety of cyber attacks[20]. These attacks can be very expensive and difficult
from which to recover. Because of this there is a need to know what traffic should be permitted and
what is malicious[22]. To this end there are many well known cyber–security solutions are in place
to counteract these attacks such as firewalls, anti–virus software and IDS (Intrusion Detection
System) [23]. Many of these require manual analysis however and approaches such as relying on
host dependencies, profiling host behaviors or using deep packet inspection have been developed.
These approaches have scalability issues though making them less than optimum in high speed
networks [23]. The generation of Big Data over computer networks is quickly making all of these
solutions somewhat obsolete though. To alleviate this problem and enhance the overall level of a
system's security, the application of Big Data Analytics techniques to cybersecurity have become an
area of great interest. These applications can be used to assist those administrating networks in the
monitoring and real–time detection of anomalous behavior in network streams[20].
An intrusion detection system (IDS), as mentioned previously is a cyber–security solution designed
to defend against network attacks. It however does not prevent attacks like an Intrusion Prevention
System (IPS) [27]. It is considered

The Decision Tree Method For Intrusion Detection System
Abstract
There are many risks in using the internet irrespective of its popularity. These risks are network
attack, and attack method which vary every day. This research is aim to compare decision tree
method for intrusion detection. As intrusion detection is one of the major research problem in
network security. Tradition intrusion detection system contain a number of problems, such as low
performance, high false negative rate, low intelligent level. In this research work we compared
effectiveness of decision tree method in Intrusion Detection System. We also compare the detection
rate, false alarm rate for different types of attack.
1.0 Background
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are software or hardware designed to automatically monitor
activities within a network of computers and identify any security issues . IDS have been around for
at least 30 years since increased enterprise network access produced a new challenge, the need for
user access and monitoring. As day–to–day operations grew increasingly dependent upon shared use
of information systems, levels of access to these systems and clear visibility into user activity was
required to operate safely and securely.
Many of the initial headway on IDS was made within the U.S. Air Force. In 1980, James P.
Anderson, an innovator of information security and member of the Defense Science Board Task
Force on Computer Security at the U.S. Air Force, produced "Computer Security Threat Monitoring
and Surveillance," a

Genetic Algorithms And Its Applications Of Cyber Security
Genetic Algorithms and its Applications to Cyber Security Paper By Sameera Chalamalasetty
Guided By Dr. Mario A Garcia
Abstract:
Genetic algorithms (GAs) were initially proposed by John Holland, whose thoughts were connected
and developed by Goldberg. GAs are a heuristic pursuit procedure in view of the standards of the
Darwinian thought of survival of the fittest and characteristic genetics. Holland 's work was
basically an endeavor to numerically comprehend the versatile procedures of nature, however the
general accentuation of GA examination from that point forward has been in discovering
applications, numerous in the field of combinatorial enhancement. Genetic algorithms have been
utilized as a part of science and engineering as versatile algorithms for tackling functional issues and
as computational models of common developmental frameworks. In the latest couple of decades,
this procedure with advancement of cutting edge development has accomplished something new.
Introduction:
"Li [3] describes genetic algorithm as a family of computational models based on evolution and
natural selection." "Bobor [4] has defined a genetic algorithm as a programming technique, which
mimics biological evolution as a problem solving approach."
"An early

Infa 610 Final Exam Solutions
INFA 610 Final Exam Solutions https://hwguiders.com/downloads/infa–610–final–exam–solutions/
INFA 610 Final Exam Solutions
Part 1: Short discussion, determine if each of the following questions is true or false and defend your
position in a brief discussion if you think it is necessary. Write your answer, T or F, to each question
in the following Answer Table. (10 questions at 1.5 points each, 15 points totally) 1. Deleting the
browsing history and cookies in a computer system can be the way to completely delete the recently
visited sites.
2. A Denial–of–Service attack does not require the attacker to penetrate the target's security
defenses.
3. The biggest advantage of public–key cryptography over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
1. All of the above. Answer(s):
5. Choose the right statement(s):
1. On change–controlled system, you should run automatic updates to prevent security patches from
introducing instability. 1. A malicious driver can potentially bypass many security controls to install
malware. 1. It is critical that the operating system be kept as up to date as possible, with all critical
security related patched installed. 1. The operating system planning process should consider the
categories of users on the system, and the privileges they have. 1. All of the above. Answer(s): 6.
Countermeasures against subdomain DNS cache poisoning include which of the following:
7. SPR
8. DNSSEC uses RRSIG and DNSKEY records
9. Firewalls
10. DNSSEC employing a chain of trust
11. All of the above. Answer(s): 7. SELinux implements different types of MAC:
________________________. 1. Role Based Access Controls and Type Enforcement,
2. Multi Level Security,
3. Multi Task Level Security,
4. User Based Access Controls and Format Enforcement
5. None of the above. Answer(s):

8. Protection of a software program that uses a unique, novel algorithm could be legally protected
by:
9. A patent
10. A copyright
11. A notary
12. Ethical standards
13. All of the above. Answer(s):
9. Security threats include which of the following:
10. Hurricanes
11. Disgruntled employees
12. Unlocked doors
13. Un–patched

Improving New Technology Systems From Cyber Criminals
In our growing complex world companies rely heavily on their IT infrastructure to accomplish
critical business functions. To effectively compete in a fast–paced, multifaceted, global economy,
organizations are employing new technologies at an unprecedented rate. In most cases, either
ignoring or not fully understanding the increased exposure to their business. The difficulty's facing
organizations today in this global market is how they will protect new technology systems from
cyber criminals. The challenges that organizations face today lays in security both physical and
logical. Having good physical security in place is just as important as having those logical controls.
Organizations today need both having one without the other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There could also be a power failures that can disrupt operations. The intention of every organization
should be to have a contingency plan in place throughout its business units to help enterprise
business continuity and disaster recovery. In addition to continuity planning organizations must
maintain a current security policy that enforces employee training. Human threats either
intentionally or unintentional can have a significant effect on an organization. Physical security is
only half the battle organizations must also have those logical controls in place. Threats come from
outside influences that want to penetrate the business the reasons range from stealing data to
hacktivism. As corporations continue to face new risks they also have to contend with the difficult
task of protecting both internal and external customers against identity theft. Logical controls are
used to safeguard against unauthorized access to computing resources. Logical controls are a
combination of hardware and software used to detect and prevent intruders on the corporate
network. There are also detection systems that focus on suspicious activity on the host based to fight
against insider threat. When a company has systems in place to monitor network behavior, it can
flag anomalies in traffic traversing the network. Target Corporation had this type of software
installed

Intrusion Detection Systems And Data Fusion
In this part we will talk more deeply about this intrusion detection systems and data fusion.
Coming to intrusion detection systems it is defined as the problem of detecting the intruders who are
accessing the company's networks or systems without authorization. ID systems are categorized as:
1. Signature based detection: In this type the detection is based on signature or pattern of attacks
because any attack is targeted on vulnerabilities of a system
2. Anomaly based detection: In this type detection is based on looking for the anomalous behavior
based on reviewing the audit files and log files.
After categorization coming to the classification they are classified as:
1. Host based systems: In these systems they collect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ideal characteristics of an Intrusion detection system are:
It must work continually with minimal human interference
It must be error free by being able to recover from system crashes, either accidental or by malicious
activity.
Upon startup, the intrusion detection system must be able to recover its previous state and resume its
operation unaffected.
It must resist subversion. The intrusion detection system should be automated by monitoring itself
weather it has been compromised by an intruder
It must impose a minimal overhead on the system where it is running, to avoid interfering with the
system's normal operation.
It must be configurable according to the security policies of the system that is being monitored.
It must be adaptable over time to the advances. For example, new applications being installed, users
changing from one activity to another or new resources being available can cause changes in system
use patterns.
As the number of systems to be monitored increases and the chances of attacks increase we also
consider the following characteristics as desirable:
It must be scalable to monitor a large number of hosts while providing results in a timely and
accurate manner.
It must provide graceful degradation of service. If some components of the intrusion detection

system stop working for any reason, the rest of them should be affected as little as possible.
It must allow dynamic reconfiguration, allowing the

Feature Selection Based On Hybrid Technique
Feature Selection Based on Hybrid Technique in Intrusion Detection KDDCup's99 dataset Pavan
kaur Dr. Dinesh kumar M.tech–IT Associate Professor Research Scholar Department of CSE GKU,
Talwandi Sabo(Bathinda) GKU,Talwandi Sabo(Bathinda) Psran35@gmail.com Abstract :
Interruption location has turn into a basic segment of system organization because of the
immeasurable number of assaults relentlessly debilitate our PCs. Customary interruption recognition
frameworks are restricted and do not give a complete answer for the issue. They hunt down potential
noxious exercises on system traffics; they once in a while succeed to discover genuine security
assaults and oddities. Nonetheless, much of the time, they neglect to identify noxious practices
(false negative) or they fire alerts when nothing incorrectly in the system (false positive). Moreover,
they require comprehensive manual preparing and human master obstruction. Applying Data Mining
(DM) strategies on system movement information is a promising arrangement that helps grow better
interruption identification frameworks. Experimental results on the KDDCup'99 data set have
demonstrated that our rare class predictive models are much more efficient in the detection of
intrusive behavior than

Simulation Of Packet Level Dataset For Network Intrusion...
Simulation of Packet level dataset for Network Intrusion Detection
I. Introduction:
The Internet is a global public network and it is the Universal source of information. It has become a
popular medium for commercial activities. Millions of dollars of transactions occur daily in many
financial organizations through Internet. The internet along with digital technologies has taken
human life into much higher levels of sophistication and ease. The growth of Internet has brought
about great benefits to the modern society; meanwhile, the rapidly increasing connectivity and
accessibility to the Internet has posed a security threat. With the tremendous growth of network–
based services and sensitive information on networks, network security is getting more and more
import than ever. The attacks on the Internet have become both more prolific and easier to
implement because of the ubiquity of the Internet and the pervasiveness of easy–to–use operating
systems and development environments.
Data is often the most valuable asset possessed by an organization and it is the main target of
intentional attacks. Data stored, processed, and transmitted by a computer system must be protected.
Business organizations use the internet as an important aspect of their business model. In addition to
using internet applications, such as the web and email, to generate revenue and communicate with
customers, they also store important and proprietary information on computers that are accessible

Role Of The Power Industry And The Services It Provides Essay
The main goal of DTL Power's cybersecurity strategy is maintaining data integrity and availability
of resources while ensuring that all systems and facilities exceed the industry standards. This
strategy is critically important due to the nature of the power industry and the services it provides.
The implementation of the controls falls in line with the cybersecurity strategy designated by
leadership. The hacktivist and virus attack were able to successfully penetrate our system causing
downtime and affecting system integrity. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and evasive
therefore it is imperative that strong security measures be enforced to not only secure network
resources but to prevent unauthorized access.
In order to prevent unauthorized access to DTL Power's data, the cybersecurity team has selected
strict filtering controls to secure the firewall with the strictest configurations to better control traffic
traversing the network and disabling all unnecessary open ports. A firewall with strict filtering rules
detects intrusions and prevents unauthorized access by policing the traffic and access requests to the
firewall. By disabling firewall ports that are not necessary for normal communication, attack
opportunities are greatly reduced. Devices use specific ports for communicating so it is important to
conduct a thorough inquiry into which ports need to remain open. An attacker can take advantage of
open ports, gain access and create a backdoor for

Security and Information Protection
Q1. NAME AND DESCRIBE THREE AUTHENTICATION METHODS.
Authentication is defined by Essentials Guide as is the process of determining whether someone or
something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be.
Authentication means verifying the identity of someone (a user, device, or an entity) who wants to
access data, resources, or applications. Validating that identity establishes a trust relationship for
further interactions.
Authentication is the first step in access control, and there are three common methods used for
authentication:
What you have method: – Examples of this method includes keys, badges, ID, pass cards/smart
card, tokens. These are physical objects and go towards identifying you by what you physically
"own". A smart ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intrusion detection systems monitor the most vulnerable points or "hotspots" in a network to detect
and deter unauthorized intruders. These systems often also monitor events as they happen to look for
security attacks in progress. Sometimes they can be programmed to shut down a particularly
sensitive part of a network if it receives unauthorized traffic.
Antivirus software is a computer program that detects, prevents, and takes action to disarm or
remove malicious software programs, such as viruses and worms. These tools are critical for users to
have installed and updated because a computer without anti–virus software installed will be infected
within minutes of connecting to the internet. Antivirus software is designed to check computer
systems and drives for the presence of computer viruses and worms and often eliminates the
malicious software, whereas antispyware software combats intrusive and harmful spyware
programs. Often the software can eliminate the virus from the infected area. To be effective,
antivirus software must be continually updated.
Q3. EXPLAIN HOW ENCRYPTION PROTECTS INFORMATION.
From Wikipedia: Encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext)
using an algorithm (called a cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special
knowledge, usually referred to as a key. Encryption, the coding and scrambling of messages, is a
widely used technology for

The Growing Threat of Computer Crime Essay
Abstract
Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement,
burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958. One
study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer
users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the
arrival of personal computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone,
increasing numbers of crimes––electronic trespassing, copyrighted–information piracy, vandalism––
have been committed by computer hobbyists, known as "hackers," who display a high level of
technical expertise. For many years, the term hacker defined ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is evident by the frequency of reports in the local media. Cash is the most vulnerable asset as it
is the easiest for the perpetrator to convert to personal use. Firms most vulnerable to theft of money
are firms that must rely on one individual to perform the duties of office manager and bookkeeper.
Having more than one employee in the office provides an opportunity to effect certain internal
controls, particularly separation of duties. Small business owners should review their insurance
coverage for employee dishonesty. While there are no standards to determine precisely the amount
of coverage necessary, the marginal cost of adding an extra $1,000 of coverage decreases as the
coverage increases. A business owner should consult with an insurance agent and err on the side of
caution, just to be safe.
Although theft of money is a major subject when speaking of computer crime, there are also many
other areas to be concerned about. Some of the computer crimes for the 21st century will include:
Communication crimes (cellular theft and telephone fraud).
Low–tech thieves in airports and bus terminals use binoculars to steal calling card access numbers.
Thieves will park their vans along busy interstate highways and use specialized equipment to steal
cellular telephone access codes from the air. This is just the tip of the "iceberg".
Business. Most banking today is

Computer Security Breaches On The Internet
Executive Summary
Internet has grown leap and bounds over the last few years. This has resulted in a number of
computer security breaches on the Internet. Most of the computers that use Internet are vulnerable to
attack. Due to this reason, Intrusion Detection systems have grown rapidly and there is an ongoing
research since it's a developing field. ID (Intrusion Detection) is a type of a security management
system that gathers and analyzes information to identify security breaches, which include both,
attacks from outside the organization and attacks from inside as well (misuse). ID includes analysis
of abnormal activity, tracking user policy violations, assessing systems and file integrity and
vulnerability. It helps us differentiate the normal behavior of system and helps us obtain any
abnormal activity that is taking place. This can be done easily using data mining and it helps
increase its sustainability to attacks.
This project helps us understand the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and our aim is to implement
it using a common tool named (Waitkato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) WEKA that is
written in Java. This tool is very powerful and it will help us implement IDS by using techniques of
data analysis and predictive modeling. It supports various algorithms and tasks such as data
preprocessing, classification, regression, clustering, and many more. It is a very simple tool to
understand and is an open source.
Specification
We considered various tools

Intrusion Detection Systems
Intrusion Detection Systems CMIT368 August 12, 2006 Introduction As technology has advanced,
information systems have become an integral part of every day life. In fact, there are not too many
public or private actions that can take part in today's society that do not include some type of
information system at some level or another. While information systems make our lives easier in
most respects, our dependency upon them has become increasingly capitalized upon by persons with
malicious intent. Therefore, security within the information systems realm has introduced a number
of new devices and software to help combat the unfortunate results of unauthorized network access,
identity theft, and the like – one of which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HIDS are also somewhat cost–effective in comparison to other IDS types since they are most
commonly software–based on not a hardware appliance. Unfortunately, there are a number of
disadvantages to HIDS, as well. The most significant problem with HIDS is that the majority are
software–based and operate on the system itself. What this can lead to is controlling the HIDS if the
system becomes entirely compromised. HIDS can also be difficult to manage if spread across many
systems without an efficient administration plan in place. Finally, HIDS use the same resources the
server it resides on uses. Depending on the activity of the server, a HIDS can be quite a burden to an
already busy system. This can lead to bottlenecks, costly hardware upgrades, and other technical
issues (Shimonski, 2004, para. 6). Network–based IDS Network–based IDS, or NIDS, are normally
hardware–based devices (or dedicated systems) that reside at critical points of the network –
capturing all incoming (and sometime outgoing and localized) packet traffic and analyzing it for
suspicious patterns in accordance with the signature or rule database. Specifically, NIDS capture IP

A New Comprehensive Hybrid Model For Improving Intrusion...
IV. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION The purpose of this task is to create a new
comprehensive hybrid model for improving Intrusion Detection and Prevention System in Cloud
Computing. The problem in [11] authors was not focused on providing experiments to prove the
effectiveness of implementation of collaborative filtering algorithm constructed on the cloud model
onto illegal access detection problem in the cloud computing environment. In this paper [15] authors
did not Implemented IDS architecture but used an apriori algorithm to detect frequent attacks. The
future research will be including a feedback mechanism such that the frequent attacks detected by
the IDS were updated to the signature database. This would ensure that it weren't remaining as an
unknown intrusion in future. These limitations of traditional intrusion detection systems, there are
some other problems which are faced by many of the intrusions systems. They are: 1) Fidelity
problem: During the examination of attacks, IDS make use of the data related to network packets
which is stored in log files. During the transmission of data from source (log files) to the place
where IDS is positioned, data may be modified by the intruder. This may result in missing of some
of the events. This refers to fidelity problem. 2) Resource usage problem: Most of the intrusion
detection systems are designed in such a manner that all of its components work all the time even
though when there is no sign of intrusions found

Firewalls And Intrusion Detection Systems Essay
In an e–commerce world, organizations are susceptible to hackers and intruders. Thus creating the
information technology protection systems which is used to reduce the possibility of intrusions from
occurring. Intrusions occur by uninvited outsiders (sometimes intruders can be internal users like
employees) who try to access an organization's information system using the internet with the intent
to gain competitive advantage of some sort. Organizations depend on security technology to avoid
loss from security breach, as well as to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. However,
firewalls are also vulnerable to errors, and implementing a security technology comes with
challenges and critical decisions that can possibly cause a financial burden on the organization if
done without seriousness and commitment. "Information security is about managing risk, and
managing risk is about discovering and measuring threats to information assets; and taking actions
to respond to those threats" (Al–Awadi, & Renaud, 2007, p.3). This paper will discuss a few aspects
that are involved with firewalls and intrusion detection systems.
Firewalls is categorized as a preventive control which is used as a defense shield around IT systems
to keep intruders and hacking from occurring, whereas, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which
is categorized as a detective control is used to detect intrusions that have already occurred
(Cavusoglu, Mishra, & Raghunathan, 2005). However, IDSs are not

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ids
INTRODUCTION
The enormous growth of computer networks usage and the huge increase in the number of
applications running on top of it, network security is becoming an important issue. Moreover, almost
all computer systems suffer from security vulnerabilities which are both technically difficult and
economically costly to be solved by the manufacturers. Therefore, the role of the Intrusion Detection
Systems (IDSs), as special purpose devices to detect anomalies and attacks in the network, is
becoming more important.
In general, IDSs are using two fundamental approaches. The first one is misuse detection, also
called signature–based detection. In this type of IDSs, the search for evidence of attacks is based on
knowledge accumulated from known attacks. This knowledge is represented by attacks' signatures
which are patterns or sets of rules that can uniquely identify an attack. Being designed based on the
knowledge of the past intrusions or known vulnerabilities, misuse–based IDSs are also called
knowledge–base detection. The advantages of knowledge–based approaches are that they have a
very good accuracy and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This way, the system will achieve the advantage of misuse detection to have a high detection rate on
known attacks as well as the ability of anomaly detectors in detecting unknown attacks. Despite the
inherent potential of hybrid detection, there are still two important issues that highly affect the
performance of these hybrid systems. First, anomaly–based methods cannot achieve an outstanding
performance without a comprehensive labeled and up–to–date training set with all different attack
types, which is very costly and time consuming to create if not impossible. Second, efficient and
effective fusion of several detection technologies becomes a big challenge for building an
operational hybrid intrusion detection

Bank Solutions Inc. Security Plan Essay
Introduction Bank SolutionsInc. is in need of a tailored IT security plan for strategic advantage,
regulatory compliance, and risk mitigation. As an organization that relies on IT for innovation and
technical advantage, it is essential to invest in necessary security controls. This will ensure the
infrastructure supports a layered security posture to detect, deter, eliminate or reduce as many
vulnerabilities and exposure as possible. It is the responsibility of executive management to
determine the amount of exposure and risk their organization is willing to accept.
Objectives
The main objectives of this security plan are to describe a security strategy and identify
recommended technologies to ensure Bank Solutions has the ability to ... Show more content on
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To ensure that these technologies are implemented and administered properly, it is essential that
policies be written and training provided for an effective security program. Here are the following
recommended technologies that Bank Solution's should incorporate into its security plan.
Vulnerability Scanning
"Vulnerability Scanning is the art of using one computer to look for weaknesses in the security of
another computer" (Houghton, 2003). Just like any other security tool or software available, there
are many forms of vulnerability scanning. Each of these methods provides a specific task to help an
organization determine the security of their networks. These forms of vulnerability scanning are
called:
External
Internal
Active
Passive
These forms of vulnerability scanning are then applied by two types of vulnerability scanners that
scan an organization's network, they are:
Network based
Host based
Finally, the most important thing to understand about vulnerability scanning is that it is a
requirement for Bank Solutions to conduct these scans to meet compliance with Federal regulations.
Costs
The costs for vulnerability scanners run from free to tens of thousands of dollars. It is up to the
CISO and the IT staff to assess what services they require and to choose a scanner that best fits their

Taking a Look at Intrusion Detection
Intrusion Detection Intrusion detection is similar in concept to a burglar alarm on a car. There is the
lock system to prevent access to a car, similar to a firewall, and there is the alarm system, the
intrusion detection system. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are there to compliment the network
or computers firewall, if or when there is a breach, it is the IDS that is able to identify it and then
alert the administrator. Firewalls are an effective way for filtering information coming in to your
network from the internet and are a good source of protection, but there are ways to circumvent a
firewall which could leave you defenseless. An IDS monitors the firewall for breaches and also
monitors the traffic on the organizations network for any anomalies. This is important in the instance
of an external user connecting to an organizations infrastructure by connecting through an installed
modem on the network, this form of attack cannot be caught by a firewall but an IDS is able to
recognize the abnormal activity and report the intrusion to an administrator. Intrusion detection
systems are there to help an information system prepare for and deal with attacks. They collect
information from a variety of system and network sources and then analyze the information and
activity logs searching for information on potential security problems. Some of the main tasks of an
IDS are to monitor and analyze the user and system activity on a network, to audit the systems

Mobile Networks And Multi Hop Communication Essay
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
In ad–hoc wireless network, mobile nodes are connected by wireless links. The network is an
autonomous and self–configured. It doesn't have fixed infrastructure or centralized management.
The mobile nodes in network are free to move from one place to another. Each node has transmitter
and receiver which is used to send and receives the data and communicates with other nodes which
are in their communication range. If any node wants to forward packet to the node which is out of
range, co–operation of other nodes required; this is known as multi–hop communication. In multi–
hop communication message send and received by various intermediate nodes. The network
topology frequently changes due to the mobility of nodes as they move within, move into, or move
out of the network. In recent years, the ad–hoc wireless network rapidly increases being used in
various applications i.e. military purpose, civilian and commercial uses without the fixed
infrastructure and human interference.
Security is also prime concern in wireless network. Intrusion is one of them. So to find intrusion,
activity should be monitored. Intrusion Detection is a process of monitoring activity of system. The
system can be computer or network system. Intrusion Detection System is a mechanism which
detects intrusion. IDS is gathered the information of activity, analyze it and determine whether it
violate any security rules . Once Intrusion detection system (IDS) determines that an unusual

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