Um roadmap do Framework Ruby on Rails, do Rails 1 ao Rails 4 - DevDay 2013

Um roadmap do
Framework Ruby on Rails
do Rails 1 ao Rails 4
João Lucas Pereira de Santana

Apresentação
twitter | github | fb | gtalk: @jlucasps
Ciência da Computação pela UFLA
Desenvolvedor Ruby, Java, JavaScript
Instrutor Ruby on Rails

@jlucasps

#devday2013

Agenda
➔ Rails Full Stack - Request/Responder
➔ Primeira versão
◆ Active Support, Active Record, Action Pack, Action
Mailer

➔ Rails 2
➔ Rails 3
➔ Rails 4

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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
➔ Origem
◆ David Heinemeier Hansson

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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
➔ Rails Core Team

Jeremy Kemper

Michael Koziarski

Yehuda Katz

José Valim

Santiago Pastorino

Aaron Patterson

Xavier Noria

Jon Leighton

Rafael França

Andrew White

Guillermo Iguaran

Carlos Antonio

@jlucasps

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
➔ Framework MVC para desenvolvimento Web

Session

Helpers

Logs

Testes

Middleware

Controller

Connections

Validations
Queries
Callbacks
Migrations

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Responders

Routes

Renders

Assets

Associations

Testes

HTTP/SSL

Helpers

Model

View

Builders

Testes

Templates
Partials

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack

request
Web Server
App Server

Rails

Controller

Model

View

response

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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack

REQUEST:
GET http://myapp.com/users/2/lists
ACCEPTED: passado para o App Server

Web Server
App Server

Request passado para o Rails

Rails

Controller

Model

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View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack

Rails

Router
Controller

Model

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View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
Router
user_lists GET

/users/:user_id/lists(.:format)

lists#index

Controller e Action selecionadas:
GET /users/2/lists
CONTROLLER: "lists"
ACTION: "index"
NOME DA ROTA: "user_lists"
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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
Controller

Rails

Router

index

new

create

update

Controller

Model

destroy

........

View

GET /users/2/lists
CONTROLLER: "lists"
ACTION: "index"
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ListsController

Model

View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
Model

@user = User.find(params[:user_id])
@lists = List.find_all_by_user_id(params[:user_id])

ListsController
index

new

User
Model

Active
Record

tabela 'users'

create
Banco de dados

update

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destroy

........

List
Model

Active
Record

tabela 'lists'

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
REQUEST:


Web Server

REQUEST passado para o Rails

App Server
Router

CONTROLLER recupera informações
dos MODELS para suprir a VIEW

Rails

PATH e METHOD mapeados para
CONTROLLER e ACTION

Controller
action

Model

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action

action

View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
View

Request Headers
Accept: text/html, application/xhtml+xml

ListsController
index

View
@vars

@vars

update

app/views/lists/index.html.erb

.html

.html

app/views/lists/update.html.erb

edit
..........
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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
HTTP Response

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#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
REQUEST:


Web Server

REQUEST passado para o Rails

App Server
Router

CONTROLLER recupera informações
dos MODELS para suprir a VIEW
VIEW cria a resposta para o RESPONSE
BODY

@jlucasps

Rails

PATH e METHOD mapeados para
CONTROLLER e ACTION

Controller
action

Model

action

action

View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
RESPONSE recebida :-)

RESPONSE é retornada para o browser

Web Server

RESPONSE volta através do middleware
stack

App Server

Rails

Router

VIEW cria a resposta para o RESPONSE
BODY

@jlucasps

Controller
action

Model

action

action

View

#devday2013

Rails Full Stack
Response

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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ Inflectors
SingularToPlural = {
"search"
=> "searches",
"category" => "categories",
"wife"
=> "wives",
"series"
=> "series"
}
CamelToUnderscore = {
"Product"
=> "product",
"SpecialGuest"
=> "special_guest"
}
CamelWithModuleToUnderscoreWithSlash = {
"Admin::Product" => "admin/product",
"UsersSection::CommissionDepartment" => "users_section/commission_department"
}
ClassNameToForeignKeyWithUnderscore = {
"Person" => "person_id",
"MyApplication::Billing::Account" => "account_id"
}
ClassNameToTableName = {
"PrimarySpokesman" => "primary_spokesmen",
"NodeChild"
=> "node_children"
}
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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ Breakpoints
[0, 9] in
/media/truecrypt1/rails4chat/app/controllers/pages_controller.rb
1 class PagesController < ApplicationController
2
3 def index
4
debugger
=> 5
@messages = Message.limit(20)
6 end
7
8 end
(rdb:1) params
{"controller"=>"pages", "action"=>"index"}
(rdb:1)

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_support core_ext
◆ Time
# Calculations
assert_equal Time.local(2006,2,22,15,15,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,15,15,10).change(:year
=> 2006)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,9), Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(1)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,20,10,10,10), Time.local(2005,2,22,10,10,10).ago(86400*2)
assert_equal Time.local(2005,1,31), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_week
assert_equal Time.local(2005,2,4,0,0,0), Time.local(2005,2,4,10,10,10).beginning_of_day
# Conversions
assert_equal "February 21, 2005 17:44", Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_s(:long)
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 21), Time.local(2005, 2, 21, 17, 44, 30).to_date
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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
◆ Numeric
# byte calculations
1024.kilobytes =>
1.kilobyte ** 4 =>

1.megabyte
1.terabyte

time calculations
1.minute

=> 60

1.hour + 15.minutes => 4500
2.days + 4.hours + 30.minutes => 189000

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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
◆ Hash

# hash
# stringify_keys, symbolize_keys e indifferent_access
strings = { 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2 }
symbols = { :a => 1, :b => 2 }
mixed

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= { :a => 1, 'b' => 2 }

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
◆ Date
# Getting dates in different convenient string representations and other
objects
assert_equal "21 Feb",

Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_s(:short)

assert_equal "February 21, 2005", Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_s(:long)

# to_time
assert_equal Time.local(2005, 2, 21), Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_time

# to_date
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 21), Date.new(2005, 2, 21).to_date
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ connections:
● db2, mysql, oracle, postgresql, sqlite, sqlite3,
sqlserver
◆ mapping:
table "products"
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base

end

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ associations:
class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many
has_one

:clients
:account

belongs_to :conglomorate
has_and_belongs_to_many :investors
end

# natural assignments:
apple.account = citibank
assert_equal apple.id, citibank.firm_id

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ validations:

# Validation rules that can differ for new or existing objects
class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_presence_of

:subdomain, :name, :email_address, :

password
validates_uniqueness_of

:subdomain

validates_acceptance_of

:terms_of_service, :on => :create

validates_confirmation_of :password, :email_address, :on => :
create
end
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ callbacks:

# Callbacks as methods or queues on the entire lifecycle
# (instantiation, saving, destroying, validating, etc).
:after_find, :after_initialize, :before_validation
:before_validation_on_update, :after_validation
:after_validation_on_update, :before_save
:before_update, :after_update, :after_save
:before_destroy, :after_destroy

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ active_record
◆ find and dynamic methods
# finds
Firm.find(1, 2)
Company.find_first "name = 'Next Angle'"
Firm.find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM companies WHERE id = 1").first
Topic.find(1, :conditions => "approved = 1")
Topic.find_by_title("The First Topic")
Topic.find_by_title_and_author_name("The First Topic", "David")
Topic.find_all_by_content("Have a nice day")
# dynamic methods
next_angle.clients.find(2)
next_angle.clients.empty?
next_angle.clients.size

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action_controller:

BlogController < ActionController::Base
def show
@customer = find_customer
end

private
def find_customer() Customer.find(@params["id"]) end
end

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ filters:

class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
before_filter :authenticate, :cache, :audit
after_filter { |c| c.response.body = GZip::compress(c.response.body) }
end

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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ layouts:

layout "weblog_layout"
def hello_world

end
end

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ scaffold:

require 'account' # must be an Active Record class
class AccountController < ActionController::Base
scaffold :account

end
# templates: list, show, destroy, new, create, edit, update

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ advanced redirection

# Advanced redirection that makes pretty urls easy:
RewriteRule ^/library/books/([A-Z]+)([0-9]+)/([-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)$
/books_controller.cgi?action=$3&type=$1&code=$2 [QSA] [L]

# Accessing /library/books/ISBN/0743536703/show calls BooksController#show

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action view:

<% for post in @posts %>
Title: <%= post.title %>
<% end %>


<%= text_field "post", "title", "size" => 30 %>
<%= html_date_select(Date.today) %>
<%= link_to "New post", :controller => "post", :action => "new" %>
<%= truncate(post.title, 25) %>

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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_pack
◆ action view:


<%= form "post" %>

<%= render_partial "advertisement/ad", ad %>

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#devday2013

rails-0.10.0
➔ action_mailer
def signed_up(recipient)
@recipients

= recipient

@subject

= "[Signed up] Welcome #{recipient}"

@from

= "system@loudthinking.com"

@sent_on

= Time.local(2004, 12, 12)

@body["recipient"] = recipient
end

ApplicationMailer.deliver_signed_up("david@loudthinking.com") # sends the
email

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#devday2013

rails-0.11.0
➔ active_support
◆ string to date and time:
assert_equal Time.utc(2005, 2, 27, 23, 50), "2005-02-27 23:50".to_time
assert_equal Date.new(2005, 2, 27), "2005-02-27".to_date

➔ action_pack
◆ ajax

➔ action_mailer
◆ incoming mails
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.12.0
➔ Eager associations
➔ new Base.find API
➔ more Ajax!
# Turning N+1 queries into 1
for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, :comments ])
puts "Post:
" + post.title
puts "Written by:
" + post.author.name
puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on
end
Person.find(1, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
Person.find(1, 5, 6, :conditions =>"administrator = 1", :order =>"created_on DESC")
Person.find(:first, :order =>"created_on DESC", :offset => 5)
Person.find(:all, :conditions => [ "category IN (?)", categories], :limit => 50)
Person.find(:all, :offset => 10, :limit => 10)
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.13.0
➔ script.aculo.us
➔ ajax
# remote link:
link_to_remote(
"test",
:url => { :action =>"faulty" },
:update => { :success =>"good", :failure =>"bad" },
403 =>"alert('Forbidden- got ya!')",
404 =>"alert('Nothing there...?')",
:failure =>"alert('Unkown error ' + request.status)"
)

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-0.13.0
➔ Migrations for PostgreSQL and MySQL
➔ Rendering: One method to bind them all
➔ Named routes
map.home '', :controller => 'main', :action => 'start'
redirect_to :controller => 'main', :action => 'start'
# above route is now redirect_to :home_url

➔ Coditional validations
validates_numericality_of :income, :if => :employed?
validates_presence_of :username, :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step
>1}
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-1.1.0
➔ RJS: JavaScript written in Ruby
➔ Polymorphic associations
class Address < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :addressable, :polymorphic => true
end

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :address, :as => :addressable
end

class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :address, :as => :addressable
end

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-1.1.0
➔ calculations:
◆ sum, average, count, max

➔ Eager loading
# Single database query:
companies = Company.find(:all, :include => { :groups => { :members=> { :
favorites } } })

# Just 1 database query for all of this:
authors = Author.find(:all, :include => [ { :posts => :comments }, :
categorizations ])
authors[0].posts[0].comments[0].body # => "Rock on Rails!"
authors[0].categorizations[0].name

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# => "Less software"

#devday2013

rails-1.2
➔ respond_to e format
def index
@posts = Post.find :all
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.xml { render :xml => @posts.to_xml }
format.rss { render :action => “feed.rxml” }
end
end
end
GET /weblog # returns HTML from browser Accept header
GET /weblog.xml # returns the XML
GET /weblog.rss # returns the RSS

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-2
➔ action_pack:
◆ resources e collection resources
◆ multiview (show.html.erb, show.js.erb)
◆ CRSF token
◆ record identification:
# person is a Person object, which by convention will
# be mapped to person_url for lookup
redirect_to(person)
link_to(person.name, person)
form_for(person)

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-2.3
➔ nested_attributes
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
has_one :author
has_many :pages
accepts_nested_attributes_for :author, :pages
end

➔ find with having
developers = Developer.find(:all, :group => "salary", :having => "sum(salary)
> 10000", :select => "salary")

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-3
➔ Bundler and Gemfile
➔ New ActiveRecord query engine:
users = User.where(:name => "david").limit(20)
users.order(:name).each { |user| puts user.name }

➔ Agnosticism with jQuery, rSpec, and Data
Mapper:
◆ DataMapper -> Active Record
◆ Query -> Prototype
◆ Spec -> test/unit
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-3.1
➔ AssetPipeline:
◆ Sprockets, SCSS, CoffeeScript

➔ JQuery by default
➔ Reversible migrations

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#devday2013

rails-3.2
➔ critical security fixies:
◆ CVE-2012-5664
◆ CVE-2013-0155
◆ CVE-2013-0156
◆ CVE-2013-0333

➔ Vendor plugins -> gems
➔ Faster dev mode e routing

@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-4
➔ Turbolinks
➔ Live streaming
➔ ActiveModel::Model
◆ validations, accessors, no persistence

➔ Deprecate routes by match
➔ Concerns routes
concern :commentable do
resources :comments
end
resources :articles, concerns: :commentable
resources :photos, concerns: :commentable
@jlucasps

#devday2013

rails-4
➔ Mass assignment protection from Models to
Controllers
class MessagesController < ApplicationController
def create
@message = Message.new(message_params)
@message.user = current_user
@message.save
end
private
def message_params
params.require(:message).permit(:content)
end
end

@jlucasps

#devday2013

Muito obrigado!
Um roadmap do Framework Ruby on
Rails
do Rails 1 ao Rails 4
@jlucasps

Um roadmap do Framework Ruby on Rails, do Rails 1 ao Rails 4 - DevDay 2013

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