The document discusses several techniques for integrating Python and Java applications: 1) Embedding Python in Java using Jython allows Java code to call Python code directly. 2) Calling Java from Python using JPype allows Python scripts to utilize existing Java libraries. 3) Calling Python from Java using JEPP enables Java applications to execute Python scripts. 4) Inter-process communication between Python and Java can also be achieved using technologies like CORBA or SPIRO. Examples are provided for each approach.