Java operators
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The document discusses various Java operators including: - Assignment operators like = that store values - Arithmetic operators like +, -, *, /, % for math operations - Relational operators like >, <, ==, != for comparisons - Logical operators like &&, ||, ! for boolean logic - Bitwise operators like &, |, ^, ~ for bit manipulation - Shift operators like <<, >>, >>> for shifting bits left or right Examples are provided to demonstrate the usage of each operator type.
![Simple Arithmetic
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, k, p, q, r, s, t;
j = 5;
k = 2;
p = j + k;
q = j - k;
r = j * k;
s = j / k;
t = j % k;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("t = " + t);
}
}
> java Example
p = 7
q = 3
r = 10
s = 2
t = 1
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-4-320.jpg)
![Shorthand Operators
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, p, q, r, s, t;
j = 5;
p = 1; q = 2; r = 3; s = 4; t = 5;
p += j;
q -= j;
r *= j;
s /= j;
t %= j;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("r = " + r);
System.out.println("s = " + s);
System.out.println("t = " + t);
}
}
> java Example
p = 6
q = -3
r = 15
s = 0
t = 0
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-6-320.jpg)
![Increment and Decrement
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int j, p, q, r, s;
j = 5;
p = ++j; // j = j + 1; p = j;
System.out.println("p = " + p);
q = j++; // q = j; j = j + 1;
System.out.println("q = " + q);
System.out.println("j = " + j);
r = --j; // j = j -1; r = j;
System.out.println("r = " + r);
s = j--; // s = j; j = j - 1;
System.out.println("s = " + s);
}
}
> java example
p = 6
q = 6
j = 7
r = 6
s = 6
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-8-320.jpg)
![Relational Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int p =2; int q = 2; int r = 3;
Integer i = new Integer(10);
Integer j = new Integer(10);
System.out.println("p < r " + (p < r));
System.out.println("p > r " + (p > r));
System.out.println("p == q " + (p == q));
System.out.println("p != q " + (p != q));
System.out.println("i == j " + (i == j));
System.out.println("i != j " + (i != j));
}
}
> java Example
p < r true
p > r false
p == q true
p != q false
i == j false
i != j true
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-19-320.jpg)
![Logical (&&) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("f && f " + (f && f));
System.out.println("f && t " + (f && t));
System.out.println("t && f " + (t && f));
System.out.println("t && t " + (t && t));
}
}
> java Example
f && f false
f && t false
t && f false
t && t true
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-21-320.jpg)
![Logical (||) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("f || f " + (f || f));
System.out.println("f || t " + (f || t));
System.out.println("t || f " + (t || f));
System.out.println("t || t " + (t || t));
}
}
> java Example
f || f false
f || t true
t || f true
t || t true
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-22-320.jpg)
![Logical (!) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("!f " + !f);
System.out.println("!t " + !t);
}
}
> java Example
!f true
!t false
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-23-320.jpg)
![Logical Operator Examples
Short Circuiting with &&
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean b;
int j, k;
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ == k ) && ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ != k ) && ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
}
}
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 1
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 1
b, j, k false 1, 0
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-24-320.jpg)
![Logical Operator Examples
Short Circuiting with ||
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean b;
int j, k;
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ == k ) || ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
j = 0; k = 0;
b = ( j++ != k ) || ( j == ++k );
System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k);
}
}
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 0
> java Example
b, j, k true 1, 0
b, j, k true 1, 1
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-25-320.jpg)
![Logical (bit) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10; // 00001010 = 10
int b = 12; // 00001100 = 12
int and, or, xor, na;
and = a & b; // 00001000 = 8
or = a | b; // 00001110 = 14
xor = a ^ b; // 00000110 = 6
na = ~a; // 11110101 = -11
System.out.println("and " + and);
System.out.println("or " + or);
System.out.println("xor " + xor);
System.out.println("na " + na);
}
} > java Example
and 8
or 14
xor 6
na -11
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-31-320.jpg)
![Shift Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 3; // ...00000011 = 3
int b = -4; // ...11111100 = -4
System.out.println("a<<2 = " + (a<<2));
System.out.println("b<<2 = " + (b<<2));
System.out.println("a>>2 = " + (a>>2));
System.out.println("b>>2 = " + (b>>2));
System.out.println("a>>>2 = " +
(a>>>2));
System.out.println("b>>>2 = " +
(b>>>2));
}
}
> java Example
a<<2 = 12
b<<2 = -16
a>>2 = 0
b>>2 = -1
a>>>2 = 0
b>>>2 = 1073741823
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-35-320.jpg)
![Ternary ( ? : ) Operator Examples
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean t = true;
boolean f = false;
System.out.println("t?true:false "+(t ? true : false ));
System.out.println("t?1:2 "+(t ? 1 : 2 ));
System.out.println("f?true:false "+(f ? true : false ));
System.out.println("f?1:2 "+(f ? 1 : 2 ));
}
}
> java Example
t?true:false true
t?1:2 1
f?true:false false
f?1:2 2
>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-42-320.jpg)
![Passing Classes to Methods
class Letter {
char c;
}
public class PassObject {
static void f(Letter y) {
y.c = 'z';
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Letter x = new Letter();
x.c = 'a';
System.out.println("1: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 1: x.c: a
f(x);
System.out.println("2: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 2: x.c: z
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-48-320.jpg)
![Passing Primitives to Methods
class Letter {
char c;
}
public class PassPrimitive {
static void f(char y) {
y = 'z';
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Letter x = new Letter();
x.c = 'a';
System.out.println("1: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 1: x.c: a
f(x.c);
System.out.println("2: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 2: x.c: a
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/detailoperator-140811112140-phpapp01/85/Java-operators-49-320.jpg)
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Java operators
- 1. Java Operators Presentation By: Shehrevar Davierwala http://www.authorstream.com/shehrevard http://www.slideshare.net/shehrevard http://sites.google.com/sites/techwizardin
- 2. Assignment Operator (=) lvalue = rvalue; • Take the value of the rvalue and store it in the lvalue. • The rvalue is any constant, variable or expression. • The lvalue is named variable. w = 10; x = w; z = (x - 2)/(2 + 2);
- 3. Mathematical Operators Addition + Subtraction - Multiplication * Division / Modulus %
- 4. Simple Arithmetic public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, k, p, q, r, s, t; j = 5; k = 2; p = j + k; q = j - k; r = j * k; s = j / k; t = j % k; System.out.println("p = " + p); System.out.println("q = " + q); System.out.println("r = " + r); System.out.println("s = " + s); System.out.println("t = " + t); } } > java Example p = 7 q = 3 r = 10 s = 2 t = 1 >
- 5. Shorthand Operators +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Common Shorthand a = a + b; a += b; a = a - b; a -= b; a = a * b; a *= b; a = a / b; a /= b; a = a % b; a %= b;
- 6. Shorthand Operators public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, p, q, r, s, t; j = 5; p = 1; q = 2; r = 3; s = 4; t = 5; p += j; q -= j; r *= j; s /= j; t %= j; System.out.println("p = " + p); System.out.println("q = " + q); System.out.println("r = " + r); System.out.println("s = " + s); System.out.println("t = " + t); } } > java Example p = 6 q = -3 r = 15 s = 0 t = 0 >
- 7. Shorthand Increment and Decrement + + and -- Common Shorthand a = a + 1; a++; or ++a; a = a - 1; a--; or --a;
- 8. Increment and Decrement public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, p, q, r, s; j = 5; p = ++j; // j = j + 1; p = j; System.out.println("p = " + p); q = j++; // q = j; j = j + 1; System.out.println("q = " + q); System.out.println("j = " + j); r = --j; // j = j -1; r = j; System.out.println("r = " + r); s = j--; // s = j; j = j - 1; System.out.println("s = " + s); } } > java example p = 6 q = 6 j = 7 r = 6 s = 6 >
- 9. Arithmetic Operators A Change of Topic Casting long 64 bit l int 32 bit i
- 10. long 64 bit int 32 bit l i int i; i = (int)l; l = (long)i; Moving Between Buckets "Casting" long l; l = i; long 64 bit int 32 bit l i Widening Narrowing
- 11. The Primitive Numbers Declaration Size and Type Number Range byte b; // 8 bit integer -2-7 to +2+7 -1 short s; // 16 bit integer -2-15 to +2+15 -1 char c; // 16 bit Unicode 0 to +2+16 int i; // 32 bit integer -2-31 to +2+31 -1 long l; // 64 bit integer -2-63 to +2+63 -1 float f; // 32 bit floating point IEEE754 Standard double d; // 64 bit floating point IEEE754 Standard
- 12. Casting the Primitives b = (byte)s; b = (byte)c; b = (byte)i; b = (byte)l; b = (byte)f; b = (byte)d; i = (int)b; i = (int)s; i = (int)c; i = (int)l; i = (int)f; i = (int)d; l = (long)b; l = (long)s; l = (long)c; l = (long)i; l = (long)f; l = (long)d; s = (short)b; s = (short)c; s = (short)i; s = (short)l; s = (short)f; s = (short)d; 2'sComplement c = (char)b; c = (char)s; c = (char)i; c = (char)l; c = (char)f; c = (char)d; PositiveOnly f = (float)b; f = (float)s; f = (float)c; f = (float)i; f = (float)l; f = (float)d; d = (double)b; d = (double)s; d = (double)c; d = (double)i; d = (double)l; d = (double)f; FloatingPoint b = (byte)s; b = (byte)c; b = (byte)i; b = (byte)l; b = (byte)f; b = (byte)d; i = b; i = s; i = c; i = (int)l; i = (int)f; i = (int)d; l = b; l = s; l = c; l = i; l = (long)f; l = (long)d; s = b; s = (short)c; s = (short)i; s = (short)l; s = (short)f; s = (short)d; 2'sComplement c = (char)b; c = (char)s; c = (char)i; c = (char)l; c = (char)f; c = (char)d; PositiveOnly f = b; f = s; f = c; f = i; f = l; f = (float)d; d = b; d = s; d = c; d = i; d = l; d = f; FloatingPoint
- 13. Acceptable Implicit Casts char 16 bit double 64 bit float 32 bit long 64 bit int 32 bit short 16 bit byte 8 bit Illegal b = l; l = f; c = s; OK l = b; i = c; f = l
- 14. char 16 bit double 64 bit float 32 bit long 64 bit int 32 bit short 16 bit byte 8 bit char 16 bit double 64 bit float 32 bit long 64 bit int 32 bit short 16 bit byte 8 bit Automatic Promotion with Arithmetic Illegal Casts s = s + b; s = s + s; OK s = (short)(s + b); s = (short)(s + s); Arithmetic is never done in 8 or 16 bit containers.
- 15. char 16 bit double 64 bit float 32 bit long 64 bit int 32 bit short 16 bit byte 8 bit Arithmetic Promotion with Mixed Primitives Illegal Casts i = i + l; f = f + d; l = l + f; OK i = (int)(i + l); d = (double)(f + d); l = (long)(l + f); Arithmetic is done in the "widest" type.
- 16. Implicit Casts in Method Calls char 16 bit double 64 bit float 32 bit long 64 bit int 32 bit short 16 bit byte 8 bit Illegal i = st.indexOf(f); OK i = st.indexOf(c); i = st.indexOf(b); For: String st; and, public int indexOf(int ch);
- 17. Casting A Change of Topic The Logical and Relational Operators
- 18. Relational Operators > < >= <= == != Primitives • Greater Than > • Less Than < • Greater Than or Equal >= • Less Than or Equal <= Primitives or Object References • Equal (Equivalent) == • Not Equal != The Result is Always true or false
- 19. Relational Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int p =2; int q = 2; int r = 3; Integer i = new Integer(10); Integer j = new Integer(10); System.out.println("p < r " + (p < r)); System.out.println("p > r " + (p > r)); System.out.println("p == q " + (p == q)); System.out.println("p != q " + (p != q)); System.out.println("i == j " + (i == j)); System.out.println("i != j " + (i != j)); } } > java Example p < r true p > r false p == q true p != q false i == j false i != j true >
- 20. Logical Operators (boolean) && || ! • Logical AND && • Logical OR || • Logical NOT !
- 21. Logical (&&) Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean t = true; boolean f = false; System.out.println("f && f " + (f && f)); System.out.println("f && t " + (f && t)); System.out.println("t && f " + (t && f)); System.out.println("t && t " + (t && t)); } } > java Example f && f false f && t false t && f false t && t true >
- 22. Logical (||) Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean t = true; boolean f = false; System.out.println("f || f " + (f || f)); System.out.println("f || t " + (f || t)); System.out.println("t || f " + (t || f)); System.out.println("t || t " + (t || t)); } } > java Example f || f false f || t true t || f true t || t true >
- 23. Logical (!) Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean t = true; boolean f = false; System.out.println("!f " + !f); System.out.println("!t " + !t); } } > java Example !f true !t false >
- 24. Logical Operator Examples Short Circuiting with && public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean b; int j, k; j = 0; k = 0; b = ( j++ == k ) && ( j == ++k ); System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k); j = 0; k = 0; b = ( j++ != k ) && ( j == ++k ); System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k); } } > java Example b, j, k true 1, 1 > java Example b, j, k true 1, 1 b, j, k false 1, 0 >
- 25. Logical Operator Examples Short Circuiting with || public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean b; int j, k; j = 0; k = 0; b = ( j++ == k ) || ( j == ++k ); System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k); j = 0; k = 0; b = ( j++ != k ) || ( j == ++k ); System.out.println("b, j, k " + b + ", " + j + ", " + k); } } > java Example b, j, k true 1, 0 > java Example b, j, k true 1, 0 b, j, k true 1, 1 >
- 26. The Logical and Relational Operators A Change of Topic Manipulating the Bits 10010111
- 27. Logical Operators (Bit Level) & | ^ ~ • AND & • OR | • XOR ^ • NOT ~
- 28. Twos Complement Numbers Base 10 A byte of binary +127 01111111 +4 00000100 +3 00000011 +2 00000010 +1 00000001 +0 00000000 -1 11111111 -2 11111110 -3 11111101 -4 11111100 -128 10000000
- 29. Adding Twos Complements Base 10 Binary +3 00000011 -2 11111110 +1 00000001 Base 10 Binary +2 00000010 -3 11111101 -1 11111111
- 30. Logical Operators (Bit Level) & | ^ ~ int a = 10; // 00001010 = 10 int b = 12; // 00001100 = 12 a 00000000000000000000000000001010 10 b 00000000000000000000000000001100 12 a & b 00000000000000000000000000001000 8 a 00000000000000000000000000001010 10 b 00000000000000000000000000001100 12 a | b 00000000000000000000000000001110 14 a 00000000000000000000000000001010 10 b 00000000000000000000000000001100 12 a ^ b 00000000000000000000000000000110 6 a 00000000000000000000000000001010 10 ~a 11111111111111111111111111110101 -11 & AND | OR ^ XOR ~ NOT
- 31. Logical (bit) Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 10; // 00001010 = 10 int b = 12; // 00001100 = 12 int and, or, xor, na; and = a & b; // 00001000 = 8 or = a | b; // 00001110 = 14 xor = a ^ b; // 00000110 = 6 na = ~a; // 11110101 = -11 System.out.println("and " + and); System.out.println("or " + or); System.out.println("xor " + xor); System.out.println("na " + na); } } > java Example and 8 or 14 xor 6 na -11 >
- 32. Shift Operators (Bit Level) << >> >>> • Shift Left << Fill with Zeros • Shift Right >> Based on Sign • Shift Right >>> Fill with Zeros
- 33. Shift Operators << >> int a = 3; // ...00000011 = 3 int b = -4; // ...11111100 = -4 a 00000000000000000000000000000011 3 a << 2 00000000000000000000000000001100 12 b 11111111111111111111111111111100 -4 b << 2 11111111111111111111111111110000 -16 << Left >> Right a 00000000000000000000000000000011 3 a >> 2 00000000000000000000000000000000 0 b 11111111111111111111111111111100 -4 b >> 2 11111111111111111111111111111111 -1
- 34. Shift Operator >>> int a = 3; // ...00000011 = 3 int b = -4; // ...11111100 = -4 >>> Right 0 a 00000000000000000000000000000011 3 a >>> 2 00000000000000000000000000000000 0 b 11111111111111111111111111111100 -4 b >>> 2 00111111111111111111111111111111 +big
- 35. Shift Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 3; // ...00000011 = 3 int b = -4; // ...11111100 = -4 System.out.println("a<<2 = " + (a<<2)); System.out.println("b<<2 = " + (b<<2)); System.out.println("a>>2 = " + (a>>2)); System.out.println("b>>2 = " + (b>>2)); System.out.println("a>>>2 = " + (a>>>2)); System.out.println("b>>>2 = " + (b>>>2)); } } > java Example a<<2 = 12 b<<2 = -16 a>>2 = 0 b>>2 = -1 a>>>2 = 0 b>>>2 = 1073741823 >
- 36. Shift Operator >>> and Automatic Arithmetic Promotion byte a = 3; // 00000011 = 3 byte b = -4; // 11111100 = -4 byte c; c = (byte) a >>> 2 c = (byte) b >>> 2 >>> Right Fill 0 a 00000011 3 a >>> 2 00000000000000000000000000000000 0 c = (byte) 00000000 0 b 11111100 -4 b >>> 2 00111111111111111111111111111111 1073741823 c = (byte) Much to big for byte 11111111 -1
- 37. Which Operators Operate On What Operators && || ! Unary + - ++ -- + - * / % > < >= <= == != << >> >>> & | ^ ~ = op= etc. floatdouble Floating Point char byteshortintlong Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Except ++ - - Automatic Promotion Automatic Promotion Automatic Promotion Integral boolean Logical Any Object + with String Only Reference Only Not Content
- 38. Assignment Operator (=) and Classes Date x = new Date(); Date y = new Date(); x = y;
- 39. Assignment Operator (=) and Classes Date x = new Date(); Date y = new Date(); x = y;
- 40. Manipulating the Bits A Change of Topic Some Odds and Ends
- 41. Ternary Operator ? : If true this expression is evaluated and becomes the value entire expression. Any expression that evaluates to a boolean value. If false this expression is evaluated and becomes the value entire expression. boolean_expression ? expression_1 : expression_2
- 42. Ternary ( ? : ) Operator Examples public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { boolean t = true; boolean f = false; System.out.println("t?true:false "+(t ? true : false )); System.out.println("t?1:2 "+(t ? 1 : 2 )); System.out.println("f?true:false "+(f ? true : false )); System.out.println("f?1:2 "+(f ? 1 : 2 )); } } > java Example t?true:false true t?1:2 1 f?true:false false f?1:2 2 >
- 43. String (+) Operator String Concatenation "Now is " + "the time." "Now is the time."
- 44. String (+) Operator Automatic Conversion to a String If either expression_1If either expression_1 or expression_2 evaluates to a string the other will be converted to a string if needed. The result will be their concatenation. expression_1 + expression_2
- 45. String (+) Operator Automatic Conversion with Primitives "The number is " + 4 "The number is " + "4" "The number is 4"
- 46. String (+) Operator Automatic Conversion with Objects "Today is " + new Date() "Today is " + "Wed 27 22:12;26 CST 2000" "Today is Wed 27 22:12;26 CST 2000" "Today is " + new Date().toString()
- 47. Operator Precedence + - ++ -- ! ~ () * / % + - << >> >>> > < >= <= instanceof == != & | ^ && || ?: = (and += etc.) Unary Arithmetic Shift Comparison Logical Bit Boolean Ternary Assignment
- 48. Passing Classes to Methods class Letter { char c; } public class PassObject { static void f(Letter y) { y.c = 'z'; } public static void main(String[] args) { Letter x = new Letter(); x.c = 'a'; System.out.println("1: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 1: x.c: a f(x); System.out.println("2: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 2: x.c: z } }
- 49. Passing Primitives to Methods class Letter { char c; } public class PassPrimitive { static void f(char y) { y = 'z'; } public static void main(String[] args) { Letter x = new Letter(); x.c = 'a'; System.out.println("1: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 1: x.c: a f(x.c); System.out.println("2: x.c: " + x.c); // Prints 2: x.c: a } }
- 50. End of Content