03. Ruby Variables & Regex - Ruby Core Teaching
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The document outlines Ruby variable types including local, global, instance, and class variables, along with their naming conventions and sigils. It explains that Ruby is case-sensitive, does not require explicit data type declarations, and emphasizes the importance of using local variables to avoid programming errors. Additionally, it introduces environment and command-line variables, as well as pseudo variables, and discusses the concept of regular expressions for string matching.
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03. Ruby Variables & Regex - Ruby Core Teaching
- 2. Contents VARIABLE NAMING RULES LOCAL VARIABLES INSTANCE, CLASS VARIABLES SIGIL GLOBAL VARIABLES ENVIRONMENT & COMMAND-LINE VARIABLES PSEUDO REGULAR EXPRESSION
- 4. Variable naming rules A variable is a place to store data. Each variable is given a unique name. There are some naming conventions which apply to variable names. Ruby belongs to the family of dynamic languages. Unlike strongly typed languages like Java, C or Pascal, dynamic languages do not declare a variable to be of certain data type. Instead of that, the interpreter determines the data type at the moment of the assignment. Variables in Ruby can contain different values and different types of values over time.
- 5. Variable naming rules Ruby is a case sensitive language. It means that age and Age are two different variable names. Most languages are case sensitive. While we can create different names by changing the case of the characters, this practice is not recommended.
- 6. Variable naming rules Variable names in Ruby can be created from alphanumeric characters and the underscore _ character. A variable cannot begin with a number. This makes it easier for the interpreter to distinguish a literal number from a variable. Variable names cannot begin with a capital letter. If an identifier begins with a capital letter, it is considered to be a constant in Ruby.
- 7. Variable naming rules The script shows three descriptive variable names. The place_of_birth is more descriptive to a programmer than e.g. pob. It is generally considered OK to choose simple variable names in loops.
- 8. Sigils
- 9. Sigils Variable identifiers can start with special characters also called sigils. A sigil is a symbol attached to an identifier. Variable sigils in Ruby denote variable scope. The Ruby variable sigils are $ and @.
- 10. Local variable
- 11. Local variable Local variables are variables that are valid within a local area of a Ruby source code. This area is also referred to as local scope. Local variables exist within the definition of a Ruby module, method, class. If we access the variable outside the scope of the method, Ruby will issue a NameError because Ruby does not find the variable.
- 12. Local variable
- 13. Global variables
- 14. Global variables Global variables are valid everywhere in the code. They start with a $ sigil in Ruby. The use of global variables is discouraged. Global variables easily lead to many programming errors. Global variables should be used only when there is a reason to do so. Instead of global variables, programmers are advised to use local variables whenever possible.
- 15. Global variables
- 17. Instance & class variables In this section we will briefly cover instance and class variables. They will be described in Object-oriented programming chapter in more detail. Instance variables are variables that belong to a particular object instance. Each object has its own object variables. Instance variables start with a @ sigil. Class variables belong to a specific class. All objects created from a particular class share class variables. Class variables start with @@ characters.
- 18. Instance & class variables
- 19. Environment & command- line variables
- 20. Environment & command- line variables The ENV constant gives access to environment variables. It is a Ruby hash. Each environment variable is a key to the ENV hash. The ARGV constant holds command-line argument values. They are passed by the programmer when the script is launched. The ARGV is an array that stores the arguments as strings. The $* is an alias to the ARGV. Both ENV and ARGV are global constants.
- 21. Environment & command- line variables
- 22. Environment & command- line variables
- 23. Pseudo variables
- 24. Pseudo variables Ruby has a few variables which are called pseudo variables. They are different from regular variables. We cannot assign values to pseudo variables The self is the receiver of the current method. The nil is the sole instance of the NilClass. It represents the absense of a value. The true is the sole instance of the TrueClass. It represents boolean true. The false is a sole instance of FalseClass. It represents boolean false.
- 26. RegEx A regular expression is a special sequence of characters that helps you match or find other strings or sets of strings using a specialized syntax held in a pattern.