1 R Tutorial Introduction
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R is a programming language developed as an alternative for S at AT&T Bell Laboratories. It excels at statistical computation and graphic visualization. R is free, open source, and available across platforms. It has over 3,000 packages on CRAN that extend its functionality. R has a steep learning curve and working with large datasets is limited by RAM size. Major companies use R in business.
1 R Tutorial Introduction
- 1. R Programming Sakthi Dasan Sekar http://shakthydoss.com 1
- 2. Introduction to R R is a programming language developed as an alternative for S language at AT&T Bell Laboratories by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka. Due to its underlying philosophy and design R is incredibly excel in statistical computation and graphic visualization. R is free, open source with a very high activity community members. Available cross all platforms (Linux, Mac, Windows) http://shakthydoss.com 2
- 3. Introduction to R R is much more than just its core language. It has a worldwide repository system, the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) http://cran.r-project.org As of 2011, there were more than 3,000 such packages hosted on CRAN and numerous more on other sites http://shakthydoss.com 3
- 4. Introduction to R Cons of R Language R has a steep learning curve. Working with large datasets is limited by RAM size. http://shakthydoss.com 4
- 5. Introduction to R Who use R in their business http://shakthydoss.com 5
- 6. Introduction to R Understanding of R language • R Statement or Commands can be separated by a semicolon (;) or a newline. • Assignment operator in R is "<-" (although "=" also works). • All characters after # are treated as comments. • There is not multi line or block level Comments. • $ (dollar) operator in R is an analogous to .(dot) operator in other languages. Student$name Student$age http://shakthydoss.com 6
- 7. Introduction to R Installing R Installing from CRAN (Comprehensive R Network) Website: http://cran.r-project.org/ R is actively being improved all the time, Make sure that you choose recent version to install. http://shakthydoss.com 7
- 8. Introduction to R Installing R in windows For Windows and Mac OS X, one can simply download a self-installing binary. For Linux, installation varies. For the Debian distribution (including Ubuntu), R system can be installed using the regular package-management tools. Since R is open source, one can also compile and install it using the source code. http://shakthydoss.com 8
- 9. Introduction to R Installing R in windows Window R package can be downloaded from https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/ Download R 3.X.X for Windows executable file (.exe) http://shakthydoss.com 9
- 10. Introduction to R Click Next in the Setup Wizard. You can leave to setting to default. http://shakthydoss.com 10
- 11. Introduction to R Open R Console (Rgui from your desktop) R Console http://shakthydoss.com 11
- 12. Introduction to R IDE for R The RStudio project currently provides most of the desired features for an IDE in a novel way, making it easier and more productive to use R. The RStudio program can be run on the desktop or through a web browser. The desktop version is available for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux platforms. http://shakthydoss.com 12
- 13. Introduction to R Notable IDEs for R Name Platforms ESS Windows, Mac, Linux Eclipse Windows, Mac, Linux SciViews Windows, Mac, Linux JGR Windows, Mac, Linux Tinn-R Windows Notepad++ Windows Rgui Windows http://shakthydoss.com 13
- 14. Introduction to R Installing RStudio is usually a straightforward process. For Windows and Mac OS X, one can simply download a self-installing binary. For Linux, installation varies. For the Debian distribution (including Ubuntu), RStudio can be installed using the regular package-management tools. http://shakthydoss.com 14
- 15. Introduction to R Installing RStudio in windows. https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/ Download Rstudio. Run the installation file. http://shakthydoss.com 15
- 16. Introduction to R Open RStudio Source Panel R console Environment Panel File/Package Panel http://shakthydoss.com 16
- 17. Introduction to R R workspace When R is started, it follows this process R is started in the working directory (aka workspace). If present, the .Rprofile file’s commands are executed. If present, the .Rdata file is loaded. http://shakthydoss.com 17
- 18. Introduction to R R workspace R stores user-defined objects in workspace. At the end of an R session, the user can save an snapshot of the current workspace and reloaded automatically next time when R is started. getwd() - return working directory setwd() - set working directory http://shakthydoss.com 18
- 19. Introduction to R In RStudio you can set the workspace by Tools -> Global Options http://shakthydoss.com 19
- 20. Introduction to R • There are over 1,000 functions at the core of R, and new R functions are created all of the time. • Each R function comes with its own help page, which you can access by typing the function’s name after question mark Getting Help help.start() # Load HTML help pages into browser help(package) # List help page for "package" ?package # Shortform for "help(package)" help.search("keyword") # Search help pages for "keyword" ?help # For more options help(package=base) # List tasks in package "base" http://shakthydoss.com 20
- 21. Introduction to R Packages • Many Data Scientist programmers and statisticians , use R to design tools that can help people analyze data. Many of these people contribute their code as preassembled collections of functions and objects called packages. • Each R package is hosted at http://cran.r-project.org • Not all packages are loaded by default, but can be load / install on demand library() # List available packages to load library("package") # loads the package library(help="package") # list package contents detach("package:pkg") # Unload the loaded package "pkg" install.packages(“package") # Install the package http://shakthydoss.com 21
- 22. Introduction to R Installing package by GUI RStudio -> Tools -> Install Packages Check the package to load http://shakthydoss.com 22
- 23. Introduction to R Knowledge Check http://shakthydoss.com 23
- 24. Introduction to R Which of the statement is TRUE. A. R is a propitiatory general purpose language B. R excels in statically computation and graphic capabilities. C. R syntax are very similar to assembly language. D. R has no GUI Answer B http://shakthydoss.com 24
- 25. Introduction to R Which of the statement is TRUE. A. Working with large datasets is limited by RAM size. B. R language is own by AT&T Bell Labs C. R available only for Unix platfroms D. R language is design for parallel programming and horizontally scalable systems. Answer A http://shakthydoss.com 25
- 26. Introduction to R What is CRAN stands for A. Comprehensive R Network B. Computational R Network C. Comprehensive R Archive Network D. Computational R Archive Network Answer C http://shakthydoss.com 26
- 27. Introduction to R Which not an IDE for R language A. RStudio B. RGUI C. Tinn-R D. Dreamweaver Answer D http://shakthydoss.com 27
- 28. Introduction to R When R is started. A. It loads .Rprofile and .Rdata from workspace B. It attempts loads only .Rdata from workspace C. It attempts loads only .Rprofile from workspace D. Does nothing Answer A http://shakthydoss.com 28
- 29. Introduction to R Function getwd() - return working directory A. TRUE B. FALSE Answer A http://shakthydoss.com 29
- 30. Introduction to R Function setwd() - set working directory A. TRUE B. FALSE Answer A http://shakthydoss.com 30
- 31. Introduction to R How to browser for all help documents in R A. help.start() B. help(help) C. library() D. install.packages(help) Answer A http://shakthydoss.com 31
- 32. Introduction to R How to install new packages in R. A. Install(“package”) B. library(“package”) C. install.packages("package") D. load(“package”) Answer C http://shakthydoss.com 32
- 33. Introduction to R How to load a installed package. A. load("package") B. library("package") C. install.packages("package") D. library() Answer B http://shakthydoss.com 33