15CS664- Python Application Programming VTU syllabus
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15CS664- Python Application Programming VTU syllabus
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Motor driver
Motor driverRobotix 2011 An H-bridge circuit allows voltage to be applied across a motor in either direction, enabling full control over the motor's direction and speed. It is commonly used with a motor driver integrated circuit like the L293D or L298, which contains H-bridge components and can switch higher motor currents than a microcontroller alone. These ICs act as switches to control two DC motors independently according to the logic applied to their inputs.
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Load
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Loadmechatronics jf This document discusses three-phase converters that convert AC power to DC power for loads. It specifically describes three-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers, which are made up of three single-phase half-wave converters connected together. It provides the equation to calculate the average DC output voltage of a three-phase half-wave converter and discusses that the thyristor conducts from 30 degrees to 180 degrees for a resistive load. The document concludes by describing a problem to calculate firing angle, average/RMS load current, and efficiency for a 3-phase converter operating from a 230V 50Hz supply with a 10 ohm resistive load and 50% of maximum output voltage required.
Microwave propagation in ferrites 23
Microwave propagation in ferrites 23HIMANSHU DIWAKAR This document discusses microwave propagation in ferrites and their use in microwave components. Ferrites have high resistivity and magnetic properties due to electron spin, making them suitable for microwave applications. The document focuses on isolators and circulators, which are nonreciprocal devices that use ferrite material's Faraday rotation property. Circulators allow transmission from port 1 to port 2 to port 3 etc in a circular path but not in reverse. Isolators transmit power in one direction with low loss but absorb power traveling in the opposite direction, providing isolation. Faraday-rotation isolators work by rotating the polarization of the microwave by 45 degrees using a ferrite rod, allowing transmission in one direction but absorbing waves traveling in the reverse direction.
Unsymmetrical fault in transmission line
Unsymmetrical fault in transmission linevishalgohel12195 This document discusses unsymmetrical faults in power systems. Unsymmetrical faults occur when a fault creates an imbalance in the system. There are three types of unsymmetrical faults: single line to ground fault, line to line fault, and double line to ground fault. Unsymmetrical faults can be analyzed using a bus impedance matrix that represents the positive, negative, and zero sequence network equivalents. The sequence components of the fault current are then calculated based on the voltage and appropriate sequence impedance terms for each type of fault.
Gun diode
Gun diodeTosif Ahmad Gunn diodes are semiconductor devices that operate based on the principle of negative differential resistance. They consist of only n-doped gallium arsenide or gallium nitride material. The active region in the center is less heavily doped than the top and bottom regions. Under a high voltage, current pulses are generated that traverse the active region, causing the diode to oscillate at microwave or millimeter wave frequencies. Applications include oscillators, frequency modulators, and RADAR systems due to their high frequency operation and low noise.
Types of nonlinearities
Types of nonlinearitiesnida unapprochablestair 1) The document describes different types of nonlinearities that can occur in systems. It classifies nonlinearities based on their magnitude (incidental or intentional) and frequency (limit cycles, jump resonance, etc.).
2) Some common types of nonlinearities described include saturation, dead zones, backlash, relays, harmonics, and chaotic behavior.
3) Nonlinearities can cause issues like degradation of system performance, limit cycles, and even destabilization of systems. Understanding different nonlinear effects is important for analyzing system behavior.
Three phase half wave controlled converter
Three phase half wave controlled converterraviarmugam The document discusses a three-phase half-wave converter circuit. It includes diagrams of the circuit layout with varying phase angles between 0-90 degrees. The maximum average DC output voltage is obtained at a delay angle of 0 degrees and the formula for calculating this output is provided. Charts show how the output DC voltage and RMS voltage varies based on the phase angle.
Telemetry
TelemetryAnchal bassi Telemetry involves measuring values at a remote location and transmitting the data to another location. It involves three steps - measuring a value, converting it to a signal, transmitting the signal, and reconverting it back to the original data. Factors like accuracy, whether the data is analog or digital, error detection/correction, and bandwidth influence telemetry system design. There are two main types - landline systems which use wires/cables over short distances, and radio frequency systems which use radio links from 1km to beyond 50km. Landline systems transmit current or voltage and have simple circuitry but limited range. Radio frequency systems transmit via radio links and are used for long range applications like spacecraft. Modulation schemes include amplitude modulation for
Multirate DSP
Multirate DSP@zenafaris91 This document discusses multirate digital signal processing. It explains that multirate systems use multiple sampling rates to process digital signals. Common operations in multirate systems are decimation, which decreases the sampling rate, and interpolation, which increases it. Decimation and interpolation can be realized through filtering and downsampling/upsampling. The document also provides examples of multirate applications like digital audio conversion and discusses tools like polyphase filters used in multirate signal processing.
Dif fft
Dif fftSaleem Almaqashi This document discusses fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. It provides an overview of FFTs and how they are more efficient than direct computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). It describes decimation-in-time and decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithms and how they exploit properties of the DFT. The document also gives an example of calculating an 8-point DFT using the radix-2 decimation-in-frequency algorithm.
Three level inverter
Three level inverterVinay Singh The document presents a project on diode clamp three-level inverters, detailing the principles of inverters, specifically multi-level inverters, and their topologies such as diode clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge types. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type, their applications in high-voltage systems, and techniques like sinusoidal PWM for controlling output voltage. Additionally, it covers hardware implementations, simulation results, and comparisons between conventional and multi-level inverters.
Electromagnetic Transducers (EMT)
Electromagnetic Transducers (EMT)Dhaval Shukla Electromagnetic transducers (EMT) are inductive devices that generate voltage signals from the relative motion between conductors and magnetic fields, primarily used for angular speed measurement. They offer advantages over piezoelectric transducers, such as no need for couplants, convenience for dry inspections, and reduced sensitivity to surface conditions, but have disadvantages like lower transduction efficiency and size constraints. EMT applications include thickness measurement, flaw detection in steel, and various weld and pipeline inspections.
Detection of plant diseases
Detection of plant diseasesMuneesh Wari This document describes a proposed system to detect plant diseases using machine learning and provide remedial measures. It will use a mobile app to classify plant leaf images using a TensorFlow Lite model trained with InceptionV3. The model will identify the disease and fetch details like treatment from a database to display to the user. This aims to make plant disease detection and treatment advice more easily accessible compared to existing computer-based systems.
Final Year Project
Final Year ProjectMuhammad Khan This project presents an overhead bridge electromagnetic crane that can automatically measure and place objects on a conveyor belt based on their length and height. The crane uses sensors to detect objects, a microcontroller to process the measurements and control the electromagnet and motors, and can operate either automatically or manually via joystick. It is intended to help automate material handling in industries like shipping, steel mills, and petroleum refineries.
Basic types of facts controllers
Basic types of facts controllersAyyarao T S L V The document discusses the basic types of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) controllers, including series controllers that inject voltage in series with a line, shunt controllers that inject current, and combined series-shunt controllers. FACTS controllers are used to control power flow and improve voltage profiles by injecting currents and voltages. The choice of controller depends on the desired control over current, power flow, damping of oscillations, and improvement of voltage.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulator
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj The document discusses the speed control of three-phase induction motors using AC voltage regulators, highlighting their efficiency and flexibility in applications. It explains the operation principles of induction motors, classifications of speed control methods, and the role of thyristors in managing voltage outputs. The project objective is to analyze and control motor speed through simulations using tools like MATLAB, demonstrating successful regulation of speed at varying voltages.
Load flow study
Load flow studyHozefa Jinya Load flow studies analyze power systems in steady state conditions, determining key parameters such as voltage, current, active, and reactive power. These studies are essential for designing, planning, and optimizing power system operations, with buses classified into load (pq), generator (p-v), and slack types based on specified and determined parameters. The load flow problem can be approached using static equations and bus admittance matrices, with assumptions for simplified calculations.
Sinusoidal pwm
Sinusoidal pwmChintan Hansalia Sinusoidal PWM compares a sinusoidal control signal to a triangular carrier signal. When the control signal is greater than the carrier signal, the output is high. This generates pulses whose width is proportional to the sinusoidal signal amplitude. The frequency of the triangular carrier wave determines the number of pulses per half cycle of the output waveform. Sinusoidal PWM provides better performance than other PWM techniques and improves input power factor independent of output voltage, though it increases switching losses in power devices.
Traffic light controller
Traffic light controller" Its-CooL " is said " Iskool " The document is a mini project report on an 8-lane traffic light control system developed by Parth S. Cholera as part of his degree requirements at Mumbai University during the 2011-2012 academic year. It outlines the project's purpose to manage vehicle flow and reduce collisions, detailing the circuit design, working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. The report also includes acknowledgments, a table of contents, and references for further information.
Street light controlling using Microcontroller
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Smart Helmet
Smart HelmetSarthak Agrawal This document summarizes a major project report submitted by Abhilash Dandotiya and Sarthak Agrawal for their Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. The project is titled "SMART HELMET" and aims to design a helmet that can autonomously detect accidents using a transmitter and receiver circuit along with a microcontroller. The microcontroller used is an ATMEGA 8 chip. The project involves designing printed circuit boards for the transmitter and receiver, interfacing a GSM module, and programming the microcontroller with C language to send SMS messages in the event of an accident detection.
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Design of Filters PPT
Design of Filters PPTImtiyaz Rashed This document provides an overview of digital filter design. It introduces finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. FIR filters are designed using window techniques like rectangular, Hamming, and Kaiser windows. IIR filters are designed using approximation methods like Butterworth, Chebyshev I, and Chebyshev II. MATLAB code is provided to design low pass, high pass, and other filters using different window and approximation techniques. Pros and cons of FIR and IIR filters are discussed along with references.
Smith chart basics
Smith chart basicsMahamed Gamal The Smith chart is a graphical tool used to analyze high frequency circuits. It represents all possible complex impedances in terms of the reflection coefficient. Circles of constant resistance and arcs of constant reactance intersect on the chart to indicate impedance values. The chart allows users to determine impedances, reflection coefficients, voltage standing wave ratios and other transmission line parameters through graphical techniques. It remains a popular tool decades after its original conception due to providing a clever way to visualize complex impedance functions.
Proximity sensors
Proximity sensorsSatyabodha Vyasasamudra Proximity sensors detect objects without physical contact using various technologies like inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic and optical. Inductive sensors detect metallic objects using a coil and oscillator to create a magnetic field. Capacitive sensors detect metallic and nonmetallic objects by measuring capacitance changes between the sensor and object. Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves above human hearing range, while optical sensors use light beams reflected off objects. Key features of good sensors include precision, accuracy, response speed, operating range, reliability, easy calibration and low cost.
Harmonic reduction
Harmonic reductionRAJKUMAR TIWARI The document presents information on harmonic reduction in inverter output voltage. It defines harmonics as integral multiples of a fundamental frequency that result in a distorted waveform when added together. Common sources of harmonics are identified as lighting ballasts, UPS systems, AC drives, and DC drives. Methods for attenuating harmonics discussed include inductive reactance, passive filters, active filters, 12-pulse and 18-pulse rectifiers, PWM, transformer connections, stepped wave inverters, and multilevel inverters. The document recommends limits on voltage and current distortion set by IEEE 519 and compares harmonic reduction performance of different converter and inverter configurations.
Classification of antenna
Classification of antennaKashifKhan417 The document discusses different types of antennas used for radio transmission and reception. It categorizes antennas into several groups: log periodic antennas, wire antennas, travelling wave antennas, microwave antennas, and reflector antennas. Within each category, specific antenna types are described, including their basic design and purpose. Key antenna types mentioned include dipole antennas, monopole antennas, Yagi-Uda arrays, parabolic reflectors, horn antennas, and slot antennas.
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Dif fft
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Electromagnetic Transducers (EMT)Dhaval Shukla Electromagnetic transducers (EMT) are inductive devices that generate voltage signals from the relative motion between conductors and magnetic fields, primarily used for angular speed measurement. They offer advantages over piezoelectric transducers, such as no need for couplants, convenience for dry inspections, and reduced sensitivity to surface conditions, but have disadvantages like lower transduction efficiency and size constraints. EMT applications include thickness measurement, flaw detection in steel, and various weld and pipeline inspections.
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Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulator
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Load flow study
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Traffic light controller
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Street light controlling using Microcontroller
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How to design Microstrip Patch Antenna using ADS 2011
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Design of Filters PPT
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Smith chart basics
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Proximity sensors
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Harmonic reduction
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Classification of antenna
Classification of antennaKashifKhan417 The document discusses different types of antennas used for radio transmission and reception. It categorizes antennas into several groups: log periodic antennas, wire antennas, travelling wave antennas, microwave antennas, and reflector antennas. Within each category, specific antenna types are described, including their basic design and purpose. Key antenna types mentioned include dipole antennas, monopole antennas, Yagi-Uda arrays, parabolic reflectors, horn antennas, and slot antennas.
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