3 query tuning techniques every sql server programmer should know

Dec 19, 20190 likes87 views

This document discusses various query tuning techniques that SQL Server programmers should know. It covers understanding how queries work and set theory, testing queries, formatting T-SQL for readability, using appropriate predicates and set theory operations, avoiding implicit conversions, and using locks appropriately. The document also includes diagrams of the SQL Server architecture and physical query tree to illustrate how queries are processed.

Technology

Query Tuning Techniques Every
SQL Server Programmer Should
Know
Rodrigo Crespi

Rodrigo Crespi
MCSE, MCSA, etc.
PostDegree in Data Base – UGF
PASS Chapter Leader – SQL Server RS
University Professor of Database Management
CrespiDB | Soluções em Plataforma de Dados
@SQLCrespi
rodrigocrespi
S Q L C r e s p i
sqlcrespi.com
SQLCrespi

First of All!
● Understand how a query works;
● Understand set theory;
● Most important try another thought.

SQL Server Architecture
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
o
s
Parser
Optimizer
SQL Mgr.
DB. Mgr.
Query
Executor
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
T-Services
Lock Mgr.
File Mgr.
Utilities
Access
Methods
SQLOS
SQLOS.dll
SQLLang.dll
PageLock Monitor
Resource Monitor
Lazy Writer
Scheduler Monitor
SQLmin.dll
Buffer Pool
Memory Mgr.
Scheduling
Sinc. Services
Lock Mgr.
I/O
SQLDK.dll
It’s a simple
representation

Relational Engine
Optimizer
Query
Executor
Cmd Parser
SNI
Protocol Layer
Storage Engine
Transactio
n Manager
Access
Methods
Buffer
Manager
Lock
Manager
Data Cache
Plan Cache
Data File
T-SQL
Select * from cliente
T
D
S
IF
Query Tree
O
L
E
D
B
IF
Buffer Pool
Query
Workspace
Query
Compile
Token Perm
XEvents,Metadados,
outros...

Physical Query Tree
• It is the way the optimizer calculates the most efficient path for executing the
command;
• More efficient or more optimized?

Zoom of Optimizer
Parsing / binding
Simplification
Start a joins set
Trivial Plan
Optimization phase
Search 0
Search 1
Search 2
Phase 0-Traditional: nested
Loops, with no parallelism
options.
Phase 1 – Fast: Uses a fast
subset of rules that
contains the most common
patterns.
Phase 2 – Complete: For
complex queries with
parallelism and indexed
views.
Before Optimization
Optimization

The best
pattern is the
one that every
team follows!
Pattern

Formatting T-SQL for Readability
● Comments, author, and brief audit trail;
● Be Consistent;
● The best formatting pattern is the one that is followed by the entire team.

How To Test a Query
● Clear caches;
● Try, Test and Compare;
● Set measurements;
● DMVs for check;
● Clone Database.

T-SQL Performance
• Set Statistics IO / Time;
• Compare the execution plans;

Predicates and Set Theory
● Say no to cursor;
● The Optimizer can’t pick the best execution plan if the
Stored Procedure is broken up into many parts;
● Built-In functions that can affect performance;
● Like;
● And | Or | In;
● Union and union all;
● IsNull();

Implicit Conversions
● The optimizer chooses the data type based on a predefined list;
○ https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/data-types/data-
type-precedence-transact-
sql?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=sql-server-ver15
● Data Types matter;
● You may not get what you expect;
● Implicit conversions can be costly.

Lock and NoLock
Lock is required in SQL
Databases. This is a true!
HOWEVER, if you use
hint nolock pay attention
if you reading a dirty page!

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