4. GPIO Access
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The document provides an overview of using GPIO with Raspberry Pi, highlighting cautions regarding voltage and current limitations to prevent damage. It details the installation of the rpi.gpio Python module, different pin numbering modes (board vs. BCM), and example code for blinking LEDs and using buttons. Additionally, it introduces the WebIOPi project for controlling GPIO pins over the internet and emphasizes the importance of proper connections and coding practices.
![Mayank Joneja
Giggles
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from time import sleep
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.IN)
while True:
mybutton = GPIO.input(11)
if mybutton == True:
print ‘giggle’
#Debouncing ??
sleep(0.2)
Press [CTRL]+[C] to terminate
execution via keyboard interrupt
when you’re done ](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4-140801233120-phpapp01/85/4-GPIO-Access-18-320.jpg)
4. GPIO Access
- 1. Pi Maker Workshop Powered by: http://www.inventrom.com/http://www.robotechlabs.com/ Mayank Joneja botmayank.wordpress.com [email protected] 4.GPIO Access
- 2. Mayank Joneja Warning! While the GPIO pins can provide lots of useful control and sensing ability to the Raspberry Pi, it is important to remember they are wired directly into the internal core of the system. This means that they provide a very easy way to introduce bad voltages and currents into the delicate heart of the Raspberry Pi (this is not good and means it is easy to break it without exercising a little care). http://elinux.org/RPi_Tutorial_EGHS:GPIO_Protection_Cir cuits http://www.rhydolabz.com/index.php?main_page=pr oduct_info&cPath=80&products_id=1045
- 3. Mayank Joneja Things we need to protect: 1) Drawing excess current from the pins (or short-circuiting an output) 2) Driving over-voltage on an input pin (anything above 3.3V should be avoided). The PI has protection diodes between the pin and 3V3 and GND, negative voltages are shorted to GND, but positive voltages greater than 3V3 + one "diode drop" (normally 0.5V) will be shorted to 5V, this means that if you put a 5V power supply on the GPIO pin you will "feed" the 3V3 supply with 4.5 Volt (5V - the diode drop) and that may damage 3V3 logic if the 5V source succeeds in lifting the PI's 3V3 supply to an unsafe value. Note that if you limit the current (for example with a 10K resistor) the small amount of current flowing into the 3V3 supply will probably do no harm. 3) Static shocks, from touching pins without suitable grounding (often called ESD - ElectroStatic Discharge, occurs when your clothes etc build up an electrical charge as you move around) All of these can potentially break your Raspberry Pi, damage the GPIO circuits or weaken it over time (reducing its overall life).
- 4. Mayank Joneja GPIO in Python The RPi.GPIO python module offers easy access to the GPIO The GPIO module comes pre-installed in Raspbian. However, in the rare case that you end up flashing a really old image on your SD card, I guess you’ll need to install/download the RPi.GPIO module sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install python-dev sudo apt-get install python-rpi.gpio
- 5. Mayank Joneja BCM or BOARD There are 2 ways of numbering the IO pins on the 26 pin header on a Raspberry Pi within RPi.GPIO BOARD Mode This refers to the pin numbers on the P1 header of the Raspberry Pi board Advantage: Your hardware will always work, regardless of the board revision of the RPi You won’t need to rewire your connector or change your code BCM Mode: Lowest level way of working It refers to the channel numbers on the Broadcom SoC Disadvantage: You will always have to work with a diagram of which channel number goes to which pin on the RPi board Your script could break between revisions of the RasPi boards.
- 8. Mayank Joneja To specify which you are using: GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) or GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
- 9. Mayank Joneja Hookup an LED Connect the +ve pin of the LED to 3.3V via a resistor Connect the –ve pin of the LED to Ground
- 10. Mayank Joneja Blink! import RPi.GPIO as GPIO GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.output(7,True) #to switch on, #GPIO.output(7,False) #to switch off import RPi.GPIO as GPIO GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.output(4,True) #to switch on, #GPIO.output(4,False) #to switch off
- 11. Mayank Joneja To prevent warnings: GPIO.setwarnings(False) Delay Library: time.sleep
- 12. Mayank Joneja The real Blink! import RPi.GPIO as GPIO from time import sleep GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.OUT) while(True): GPIO.output(7,True) #to switch on, sleep(1) #stay on for 1 second GPIO.output(7,False) #to switch off sleep(1) #stay off for 1 second
- 13. Mayank Joneja Pulse Width Modulation PWM is one of the most commonly used techniques of achieving a wide range of output voltages on a digital output pin Applications: Controlling the brightness of an LED Speed Control of motors Driving Servo motors (Position control)
- 14. Mayank Joneja PWM on the Pi import RPi.GPIO as GPIO from time import sleep GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.OUT) while(True): for n in range (0,3000): #90 % duty cycle GPIO.output(7,True) #to switch on, sleep(0.010) #stay on for 0.010 second GPIO.output(7,False) #to switch off sleep(0.000) #stay off for 0.000 second (what ? I’m making a point you know :P) for n in range (0,3000): #10 % duty cycle GPIO.output(7,True) #to switch on, sleep(0.001) #stay on for 0.001 second GPIO.output(7,False) #to switch off sleep(0.009) #stay off for 0.009 second The LED glows bright at a 100% duty cycle first and then dull at a 10% duty cycle. The on/off switching is so fast, that the human eye can’t see the flickering/blinking at this frequency due to persistence of vision
- 15. Mayank Joneja Buttons! The simplest input device is a push button (also called a micro switch) A push button maintains an electrical connection between its terminals as long as the button is pressed When the button is pressed, a connection is created between T1(or T1’) and T2 or(T2’)
- 16. Mayank Joneja Pulling up/down a pin Many times, when nothing is connected to a micro-controller input pin, they remain in a state of high impedance (HiZ) This can be interpreted as either 1 or 0 randomly by the micro. In order to avoid this unwanted input, Pull up or pull down resistances are used to force the pin to a state (VCC or GND) depending on the connection of the pushbutton. Pull up involves connecting the pin to VCC via a big resistance like 10k Ohm Pull down involves connecting the pin to GND via a big resistance like 10k Ohm In either case, the resistor limits the current drawn from the power supply and ensures that the path through the switch is ,electrically, the path of least resistance for current to flow through once the switch is pressed.
- 17. Mayank Joneja Connections for pull down
- 18. Mayank Joneja Giggles import RPi.GPIO as GPIO from time import sleep GPIO.setwarnings(False) GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.IN) while True: mybutton = GPIO.input(11) if mybutton == True: print ‘giggle’ #Debouncing ?? sleep(0.2) Press [CTRL]+[C] to terminate execution via keyboard interrupt when you’re done
- 19. Mayank Joneja POP QUIZ (ominous thunder..) Write a small code to replicate the switch’s state on the LED (on if pressed, off if not) with: GPIO 7 as o/p LED, and 11 as i/p switch
- 20. Mayank Joneja import RPi.GPIO as GPIO from time import sleep GPIO.setwarnings(False) GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.IN) GPIO.setup(7,GPIO.OUT) while True: mybutton = GPIO.input(11) if mybutton == True: GPIO.output(7,True) else: GPIO.output(7, False) #Debouncing ?? sleep(0.2)
- 21. Mayank Joneja Scratch Scratch is an educational programming language and multimedia authoring tool Excellent first language Allows you to make interesting games GPIO Access on the Raspberry Pi http://cymplecy.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/scratch-gpio-version-2-introduction-for- beginners/
- 22. Mayank Joneja WebIOPi The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual representations in an Internet-like structure WebIOPi is developed and tested on Raspbian Only dependency is Python 2.7 or 3.2 https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-garage-door- opener/web-io-pi Cool Project: https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-garage- door-opener/web-io-pi-configuration wget http://webiopi.googlecode.com/files/WebIOPi-0.6.0.tar.gz tar xvzf WebIOPi-0.6.0.tar.gz cd WebIOPi-0.6.0 sudo ./setup.sh
- 23. Mayank Joneja sudo python –m webiopi 8000 8000: the port number Connect the Raspberry Pi to the network Open a browser and go to http://RaspberryPiIP:8000/ RaspberryPiIP refers to the IP of you Pi eg:192.168.1.10 You can even add a port redirection on your router and/or use IPv6 to control the GPIO pins over the internet !
- 24. Mayank Joneja Running WebIOPi User is “webiopi” Password is “raspberry” Glow LED, press Switch By choosing the GPIO Header Link on the main page, you will be able to control the GPIO using a web UI Click the out/in button to change the direction Click the pins to change the GPIO o/p state