A LIGHTWEIGHT PAYMENT VERIFICATION USING BLOCKCHAIN ALGORITHM ON IoT DEVICES

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1441
A LIGHTWEIGHT PAYMENT VERIFICATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
ALGORITHM ON IoT DEVICES
Rajagopalan.B1, Revanth.R2, Sandhiya.G3, Shamsiya Banu.A.R4, Ms. Abirami .S5
1,2,3,4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College
5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College
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Abstract - A blockchain is a upcoming revolutionary one
with crypto smart contract that is used for tokentransaction
with the help of unique address id. In this blockchain
transactions, each block contains unique id ,hash rate and
the content of the previous block .In this manner all the
blocks are interconnected to ensure security. In terms of
privacy and security it fulfils everything,herethesenderand
receiver cannot be knownby thethird man.Tamperingthese
integrated blocks will be difficult. All the blocks in the
blockchain are encrypted If one has to tamper or steal the
data from the blocks, they have to hack 60-70% of the
blocks. If they fail to do ,the system will automatically
initialize the tamper blocks as NIL so that the tokensthatare
hacked by hacker will be declared as void. Image if we add
this type of security to our IOT and next gen devices, we can
reduce the tampering and data stealingcanbeminimal.Here
we are done a basic payment verification blockchain coding
in python and we implemented it on the IOT device (ESPN
kit)
INTRODUCTION
A blockchain is simply a distributed database of records or
public ledger of all completed and shared transactions or
digital occurrences. Every transaction in the public ledger is
confirmed by a majority of the system's members.
Information cannot be deleted once it has been entered.
Every every transaction ever made is recorded in the
blockchain, which is certain and provable .To give a simple
analogy, stealing a cookie from a cookie jar stored in an
isolated location is far easier than stealing a cookie from a
cookie jar placed in a market place when hundredsof people
will watch the process.
A blockchain is simply a distributed database of records or
public ledger of all completed and shared transactions or
digital occurrences. Every transaction in the public ledger is
confirmed by a majority of the system's members.
Information cannot be deleted once it has been entered.
Every every transaction ever made is recorded in the
blockchain, which is certain and provable .To give a simple
analogy, stealing a cookie from a cookie jar stored in an
isolated location is far easier than stealing a cookie from a
cookie jar placed in a market place when hundredsof people
will watch
Blockchain on IOT
Engineers can utilise blockchain data sharing to enable IoT
devices to communicate with one another in the IoT. The
gadgets accomplish this without the use of a centralised
network. The distributed network of computer systemsthat
makes up the blockchain makes those communications
tamper-proof. Hundreds of billions, if not trillions,ofdevices
will be connected to the InternetofThings.However,most of
these devices now interact through centralised computing
systems, which can fail at times. Other issues are caused by
hackers. And the costs are enormous. Blockchain, on the
other hand, avoids this by establishing a digital ledger of
data, such as transactions. By confirming and adding to the
blockchain, each data block builds on the previous one.
Leasing a truck. According to the Gartner Inc. research
"Integrating Blockchain With IoT Strengthens Trust in
Multiparty Processes," IoT sensors installed in leased
vehicles may record crucial events on a blockchain to better
monitor fleet whereabouts and returns, as well as to enable
more meaningful payment methods. With IoT sensors on
board vehicles, truck leasing businesses will be able to
charge renters fees depending on the torque of the loads
rather than miles, as is now the case," according to the
article. "The blockchaindistributedledgertechnologyallows
people to share a single version of the truth." The data is not
controlled by any single institution, and truckersandleasing
businesses may independently check their owncopiesofthe
distributed ledger. This blockchain/IoT connection should
aid leasing organisations in increasing income while
lowering costs.

All of this means that the information cannot be tampered
with. It provides for efficient embedded system verification
in the IoT. As a result, IoT devices can use the technology to
connect safely.
Existing System
In Early 2008, some group of anonymous experts developed
blockchain like peer-peer network lately in2009,the bitcoin
was developed (first digital currency in the world).
Transaction in Ethereum smart contractandripplecurrency
are done in blockchain. In India, the CBSE exam results are
published through blockchain. Insmartcontracts,itrequires
high hash rate to process the data which is too expensive.
However, there is no support for low-end devices because
the process is very complicated and difficult to process.
Proposed System
Here we are sorting out the problem in low end IOT devices
also. To prove this, we demonstrated through ESPN kit (IOT
Device), Node MCU, RFID card which contains unique
information about the user and we implemented blockchain
code through python. The RFID card works like Wi-Fi hard
here, RFID reader is connected to the ESPN kit which has Wi-
fi and Bluetooth connection for access. Also contains 32-bit
LX106 RISC microprocessor for high processing rate. Every
customer information is dumped in these cards like
debit/credit cards. And the kit is connected to monitor to
conduct the experiment and the output is verified
METHODOLOGY
SHA256 ALGORITHM IN BLOCKCHAIN: SHA256 is a
patented cryptographic hash function that returns a 256-bit
value. What is a hash? Encryption transforms data into a
secure format that cannot be read unless the recipient has
the key. In encrypted format, the size of the data is unlimited
and is often the same as unencrypted. This algorithm is used
in blockchain technology that has been used to secure the
data of transaction in this project.
ARDUINO IDE:The Arduino Integrated Development
Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) -contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of
menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload
programs and communicate with them. In this project,
Arduino IDE is used to read the data from the RFID reader to
Serial Monitor and verify the data for further processing.
EMBEDDED C
Embedded C is most popular programming language in
software field for developing electronic gadgets. Embedded C
programming plays a key role in performingspecificfunction
by the processor. In this project, Embedded C is used for
Arduino IDE.
PYTHON IDLE
Python IDLE is a IDE for Python which has inbuiltlibrariesin
it. It helps us to code faster and it has automatic indentation
features. In this project, Python IDLE is used as the main
language for generating Blockchain algorithm.
NODE MCU AND RFID CARDS:
Node MCU ESP8266 development board isthecontrollerused
in the project. It is based 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor
and supports RTOS. It has in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth features
used for remote access. Consumes Less energy. RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification) cards are used for transaction
purpose.

REPRESENTATION:
This is the real-time representation of our project. ESP8266
kit is used to receive the data from the user. Here we are
going to use RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) cards for
scanning the data. This data is scanned by RFID reader and
verified by the SERIAL MONITOR ('tether' between the
computer and Arduino). The RFID card number has been
already pre-registered in the program (Only registered RFID
cards can be used). GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) is
used to connect the kit with the system through USB. The
data travels through the PROOF OF WORK. Once it passes the
PROOF OF WORK, the data will be entered into the program
and saved in the ledger. The first data enters the first ledger
called Genesis Block. The hash value of the block is generated
and previous hash will be zero since there is no previous
block. Then when the second data enters, same steps are
followed and the second data is stored in second ledger. The
previous hash of the second block will be the current hash of
the first block (Genesis Block). Then the current hash of
second ledger will be the previous hash of third ledger.This is
the way blockchain algorithm works. Thehashvaluewegetis
of 256-bit value (64 characters) since we are using SHA256
algorithm. The information of the user will be stored as
blocks and if any changes occur in hash value, then we can
easily detect the malicious act. However, hacking this
technology is not easier to do and this will be the safest way
for low-end devices to protect the information against
hackers.
OUTPUT
The program printsseveralinformationsowecanget
a clear understanding about the process. The information of
the user is stored in blocks and protected by hash function.
The program asks for the amount to be transacted as an
input and the output shows the current hash of the block
(ledger), block data code, RFID card name (customer name),
amount to be transacted and the previous hash of the block.
The hash value has 64 characters and it isa256bitvalue.The
program also use inbuild functions from Python Library to
display the exact time and date when the transaction occurs
to add more accuracy to the output. This output is just a real-
time representation of how the data are protected in
blockchain algorithm.
CONCLUSION
The program prints several information so we can get a clear
understanding about the process.Theinformationofthe user
is stored in blocks and protected by hash function. The
program asks for the amount to be transacted as an input
and the output shows the current hash of the block (ledger),
block data code, RFID card name (customer name),amountto
be transacted and the previous hash of the block. The hash
value has 64 characters and it is a 256 bit value. Theprogram
also use inbuild functions from Python Library to display the
exact time and date when the transaction occurs to add more
accuracy to the output. This output is just a real-time
representation of how the data are protected in blockchain
algorithm.

REFERENCES
[1] J. A. Stankovic, I. Lee, A. Mok, and R. Rajkumar,
“Opportunities and obligations for physical computing
systems,” Computer, vol. 38, no. 11,pp. 23–31, Nov. 2005.
[2] W. Wolf, “Cyber-physical systems,” Computer, vol. 42, no.
3, pp. 88–89,Mar. 2009.
[3] Bellare, Mihir; and Rogaway, Phillip. (September 21,
2005). “Introduction.” In Introduction to Modern
Cryptography (p. 10).
[4]loFundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart
Cards and Identification, May 2003
[5] ESP8266 Node MCU Using Arduino IDE: Getting Start
With ESP8266 (IoT hands on projects)May 2018
[6] Python: A Beginners Complete Reference Guide to Learn
The Python Programming Language, June 2019
BIOGRAPHIES
B.Rajagopalan pursuing his B.E., in
Electronics and Communication in 2022
from the college of SRM Valliammai
Engineering College.
R.Revanth pursuing his B.E., in
G.Sandhiya pursuing her B.E., in
A.R.Shamsiya Banu pursuing her B.E., in

A LIGHTWEIGHT PAYMENT VERIFICATION USING BLOCKCHAIN ALGORITHM ON IoT DEVICES

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