A Scalable and Distributed Electrical Power Monitoring System Utilizing Cloud Computing
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This document describes a scalable and distributed electrical power monitoring system using cloud computing. Low-cost power measuring units collect data from current sensors and send it to data collecting units. These units then push the data to a data store hosted on Google App Engine. This cloud-based system allows visualization of power consumption across a large campus from any application accessing the data through a REST API. The system is scalable, low-cost, and easy to develop applications for power monitoring and planning energy savings.
![Update
from
Data
collec:ng
unit
Each
data
collecPon
unit
sends
data
every
20
seconds
GAE
xxx.appspot.com/update
– POST
the
following
JSON
string
{
"id":
"UNIT_ID"
"Pme":
"1319837460”
/*
elapsed
seconds
from
the
UNIX
epoch
Pme
*/
"power":
{
/*
data
for
the
last
20
seconds
per
measurement
point
*/
"sensor0.0":
[VAL0,
VAL1,
VAL2,
VA3,
...,
VAL19],
"sensor0.1":
[VAL0,
VAL1,
VAL2,
VA3,
...,
VAL19],
"sensor1.0":
[VAL0,
VAL1,
VAL2,
VA3,
...,
VAL19],
....
}
}
13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cute2013-131219043622-phpapp01/85/A-Scalable-and-Distributed-Electrical-Power-Monitoring-System-Utilizing-Cloud-Computing-13-320.jpg)
![Data
retrieval
An
applicaPon
periodically
(e.g.,
1
min)
gets
data
from
GAE
GAE
xxx.appspot.com/latest,N
– GET
the
following
JSON
string
{
"Pme":
“1319837460”
/*
epoch
Pme
*/
"PmeStr":
“201110290631”
/*
human
readable
Pme
in
JST
*/
"power":
{
"LOCATION0":
[1234]
"LOCATION1":
[1234]
"LOCATION2":
[1234]
"LOCATION3":
[1234]
"LOCATION4":
[1234]
...
}
}
Viewer
applicaPon
14](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cute2013-131219043622-phpapp01/85/A-Scalable-and-Distributed-Electrical-Power-Monitoring-System-Utilizing-Cloud-Computing-14-320.jpg)
A Scalable and Distributed Electrical Power Monitoring System Utilizing Cloud Computing
- 1. A Scalable and Distributed Electrical Power Monitoring System U:lizing Cloud Compu:ng Ryousei Takano, Hidemoto Nakada, Toshiyuki Shimizu, Tomohiro Kudoh Informa(on Technology Research Ins(tute, Na(onal Ins(tute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan CUTE2013@Da Nang, Vietnam, Dec. 19 2013
- 2. Outline • Background • System overview • Design of hardware and soKware • Deployment at AIST campus • Summary 2
- 3. Background • The power consumpPon of data centers and networks becomes an issue of vital importance to IT industries. Google data center in the Dalles, Oregon • In Japan, there is an urgent need for green IT technologies aKer March 11th, 2011. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant 3
- 4. Mo:va:on • VisualizaPon is key to plan power savings. • The total system cost and scalability are problem. – Our server room has over 100 racks. – Our campus are geographically distributed in Japan. • The system has to be low-‐cost, scalable, and also ease to develop applicaPons. ➡ Cheap power monitoring hardware ➡ Power monitoring soKware uPlizing cloud compuPng ➡ A simple REST API 4
- 5. System overview Data collecting unit Data collecting unit 2 Data collecting unit … … Update power usage using REST w/ JSON 3 Data store Google App Engine Data store Retrieve data using REST w/ JSON Alert 4 Applications 1 Power measuring unit Viewer Observe the state of power consumption Plan power saving 5
- 6. Small start Go big Google App Engine Data store 4 sensors 32 ports = 128 sensors Data store Sensors can be incrementally installed. ... 6
- 7. Low-‐cost power measuring unit • Send data to data collecPng unit every second. • The producPon cost is approximately 120 USD, including the cost of 4 current sensors. Clamp-‐on current sensor (max: 4) RJ-‐45 port Signal processing board (dsPIC30F3013) 7
- 8. Data collec:ng unit (1/2) • Gather data from up to 32 power measuring unit • Push data to GAE – Can be placed behind NAT To power measuring unit (Not Ethernet, data transfer and power supply) To GAE via the Internet (Ethernet/100BaseT) 8
- 9. Data collec:ng unit (2/2) Power Measuring Unit data store RJ-45 ports x 32 CPU board (T-SH7706LSR) - SH3 Linux - Buildroot 2011.05 - pmon.py Serial/Parallel converter (Xilinx Spartan-3E) 9
- 10. Data store and REST protocol data store config DB Configuration power logging DB Data collecting unit “unit” Get, query Update Application pmon.py pmon.py pmon.py Power measuring unit “sensor” Current sensor “probe” Application … … 10
- 11. Google App Engine • PaaS cloud service for web applicaPons – Java, Python, and Go are supported – Your applicaPon will have URL like hgp://XXXX.appspot.com • Scalable and stable data storage – Data are replicated to 5 different datacenters – Allows 2 of them to be lost during operaPon • Maintenance free – No need to manage, almost • Cost effecPve – Almost free of charge 11
- 12. REST API path method descrip:on /update POST Upload data /latest GET Get all data for the last minute /latest,N GET Get all data for the last N minutes /summary.s/YYYYmmDDHHMMSS,N GET Get all data for each second start from YYYYmmDDHHMMSS, for N seconds /summary.m/YYYYmmDDHHMM,N GET Get all data for each minute start from YYYYmmDDHHMM, for N minutes /summary.h/YYYYmmDDHH,N GET Get all data for each hour start from YYYYmmDDHH, for N hours /summary.d/YYYYmmDD,N GET Get all data for each day start from YYYYmmDD, for N days /query.s/LOC/YYYYmmDDHHMMSS,N GET Get data for locaPons that name start with LOC /query.m/LOC/YYYYmmDDHHMM,N GET /unit-‐config/UNIT_ID GET Get configuraPon data /unit-‐config/UNIT_ID PUT Set configuraPon data 12
- 13. Update from Data collec:ng unit Each data collecPon unit sends data every 20 seconds GAE xxx.appspot.com/update – POST the following JSON string { "id": "UNIT_ID" "Pme": "1319837460” /* elapsed seconds from the UNIX epoch Pme */ "power": { /* data for the last 20 seconds per measurement point */ "sensor0.0": [VAL0, VAL1, VAL2, VA3, ..., VAL19], "sensor0.1": [VAL0, VAL1, VAL2, VA3, ..., VAL19], "sensor1.0": [VAL0, VAL1, VAL2, VA3, ..., VAL19], .... } } 13
- 14. Data retrieval An applicaPon periodically (e.g., 1 min) gets data from GAE GAE xxx.appspot.com/latest,N – GET the following JSON string { "Pme": “1319837460” /* epoch Pme */ "PmeStr": “201110290631” /* human readable Pme in JST */ "power": { "LOCATION0": [1234] "LOCATION1": [1234] "LOCATION2": [1234] "LOCATION3": [1234] "LOCATION4": [1234] ... } } Viewer applicaPon 14
- 15. Deployment at AIST campus Server room 10 data collecPng units 177 power measuring units 620 measurement points Data collecPng unit Data collecPng unit 1 1 2 … Sensor module Clamp-‐on current transformer Update power usage using REST w/ JSON 2 store 3 … gather view Google App Engine Retrieve data using REST w/ JSON Datastore Clean room 1 Data collecPon unit 2 3 billing service Viewer 15
- 16. Installa:on in AIST server room Data collecting unit in free access floor Clamp-on current sensor Power distribution board data store Power measuring unit 16
- 17. Summary • Our proposed system helps reduce total system cost and improve scalability by employing low-‐cost power measuring units (30 USD per measurement point), and uPlizing cloud compuPng. – The development of the system was completed within 3 months. – We have successfully operated it over 2 years for to provide an electricity billing service and evaluate the power efficiency of data processing middleware. • Future work – Tolerance for network failures. – More applicaPons: e.g., server consolidaPon on a private cloud to reduce power consumpPon. 17
- 18. Q&A Thanks for your agenPon! This research was parPally supported by the NEDO research project enPtled “Research and Development Project for Green Network/ System Technology (Green IT Project).” 18
- 19. Visualiza:on Applica:ons less than 90% of the upper limit less than 95% of the upper limit more than 95% of the upper limit Offline (a) Web applicaPon (b) Desktop applicaPon 19