Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
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The document provides an overview of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), a symmetric block cipher algorithm used by the U.S. government for protecting classified information. It explains key concepts such as encryption and decryption, private and public keys, and the differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Additionally, it outlines the AES process, including transformations like substitution, permutation, and mixing, as well as the overall structure of encryption rounds.
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10. C
AES-Advanced Encryption Standard
AES-Advanced Encryption StandardPrince Rachit The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely accepted encryption algorithm established by NIST to secure classified information and operates on 128-bit blocks. AES uses a series of repeated functions - including substitution, shifting, mixing, and key addition - with the number of rounds varying based on key size (10, 12, or 14 rounds). Despite its robustness, there are advanced attacks like the related key attack which attempt to weaken AES, though these remain impractical with current technology for key sizes of 128 bits and above.
Cryptography
CryptographyShivanand Arur Cryptography is the science of securing information through encryption (transforming plain text into cipher text) and decryption (the reverse process). It can be divided into symmetric key cryptography, which uses the same key for both operations, and asymmetric key cryptography, which utilizes a pair of keys for enhanced security. Notable encryption standards include DES, which is older and less secure with a 56-bit key, and AES, which is more modern and flexible with key sizes of 128, 192, and 256 bits.
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Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENT 01 03 Encryption and Decryption 02 Demo 04 Cryptography AES
- 3. CRYPTOGRAPHY Cryptography is the science and study of methods of protecting data in computer and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
- 4. QUOTE Here’s a quote from a famous person “Cryptography is the ultimate form of nonviolent direct action” —Julian Assange
- 5. What is Encryption and Decryption? ★ Encryption is the process of translating plain text data (plaintext) into something that appears to be random and meaningless (ciphertext). ★ Decryption is the process of converting ciphertext back to plaintext.
- 6. Why use Encryption ? Encryption is important because it allows you to securely protect data that you don't want anyone else to have access to.
- 7. DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS Private Key A private key, also known as a secret key, is a variable in cryptography that is used with an algorithm to encrypt and decrypt code. Public Key Everyone else, who wants to communicate with the Sender is given a key called the Public Key. Symmetric Encryption Symmetric Encryption is when a secret key is leveraged for both encryption and decryption functions. Asymmetric Encryption Anyone can encrypt messages using a public key, but only the holder of the paired private key can decrypt such a message. 01 03 02 04
- 8. Advanced Encryption Standard It is a symmetric block cipher algorithm chosen by the U.S. government to protect classified information and is implemented in software and hardware throughout the world to encrypt sensitive data. It was intended to be easy to implement in hardware and software, as well as in restricted environments.
- 9. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik Bit 0 or 1 1 byte = 8 bits 1 word = 4 bytes 1 block = 4 words State ( 4×4) 16 bytes Stores intermediate result. Rounds Size of keys 10 128 12 192 14 256 It has 10/12/14 rounds. Where block size 128 bits = 16 byes (4 words). No. of keys generated = N + 1
- 10. INPUT ARRAY (4X4) 4 Words 128 bits 16 bytes 1 byte STATE ARRAY (4X4) S0,0 S1,0 S2,0 S3,0 S0,1 S1,1 S2,1 S3,1 S0,2 S1,2 S2,2 S3,2 S0,3 S1,3 S2,3 S3,3 3rd byte of 0th word W0 W1 W2 W3
- 11. KEY K0 K4 K8 K12 K1 K5 K9 K13 K2 K6 K10 K14 K3 K7 K11 K15 W0 W1 W2 W3 W0 W1 W2 …… W42 W43 Key Expansion Algo 44 words
- 12. Structure of each round at the encryption site
- 13. SUBSTITUTION AES uses substitution. Substitution is done for each byte. Only one table is used for transformation of bytes that means if two bytes are same then transformation is also same. SUBBYTES The first transformation, SubBytes, is used at the encryption site. To substitute a byte, we interpret the byte as two hexadecimal digits. 1st hexadecimal digit = Row 2nd hexadecimal digit = Column
- 15. Permutation Another transformation found in a round is shifting, which permutes the bytes. In the encryption, the transformation is called ShiftRows..
- 17. MIXING
- 18. Take each word or column i.e. 4 bytes or 4x1 matrix and multiply it with the constant matrix The output is 4x1 matrix of 4 bytes and is stored in output or state matrix.
- 19. Key Adding AddRoundKey proceeds one column at a time. AddRoundKey adds a round key word with each state column matrix; the operation in AddRoundKey is matrix addition.
- 21. Conclusion ● Cryptography ● Encryption and Decryption ● Private key, public key, Symmetric Encryption, Asymmetric Encryption. ● What is aes? ● General design of aes
- 23. ● Cryptography and network security (fifth edition) by William Stallings. ● wikipedia References
- 24. ThankYou