Agile for Embedded & System Software Development : Presented by Priyank KS

Agile for Embedded & System
Software Development
Challenges and Approaches
6th May 2016
- Priyank KS

Copyright © 2016, Aritha Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
About Me
Priyank K S
http://in.linkedin.com/in/priyank-ks-10b18214
priyank.ks@arithaconsulting.com
Priyank works as a Technical Consultant &
Agile Coach at Aritha Consulting Services and
consults enterprises in Agile for Embedded &
System Software Development area.
Let’s connect:

Need For Agile
A Real World Example
Gateway-Router
Small Office
Home Office
ISP
Ethernet
Telephone Line
(ADSL)
Pic source:
thinkdiff.org
Pic source:
bb.osmocom.org
1
5
1
8

Inverted Test Pyramid
Radical shift in testing approach
Unit Tests
Integration
Tests
Manual end-to-end
Tests
Automated end-to-end
Tests
Automated
Integration
Tests
Automated Unit Tests

 Four weeks or less is too short a time to have potential
releasable functionality.
 Required skills are too diverse to have a cross-functional
team
 Hardware and Software development cannot be
done in parallel.
 First we need hardware, then only can the software be developed.
 User Stories do not work for embedded system
development
Common Challenges (myths) in
Embedded/System Software Development

MTP to Final Product
Pic source: http://www.slideshare.net/tumma72/agile-embedded-software-development-whats-wrong-with-it

Landmines in the embedded world
Field Issues
Memory
Corruption
System
Out of Memory
System
Crash

Lets Identify a Landmine in Code
char output[5]; char user_input[5];
memset(output, 0x0, 5);
user_input = read_user_input();
sprintf(output, user_input);
Example 1:
Example 2:
// allocate Array
char *sz = new char[20];
// Initialize the first and last element to 12
sz[0] = 12;
sz[20] = 12;

 External Quality – Quality of a product as measured by the customer
 Finds all the focus of the organizations
 Internal Quality – Quality as measured by the programmers
 Finds neglect of the organizations
A different perspective towards quality
Business Layer
Technical Layer
External Quality
Internal Quality

 External Quality Characteristics
 Correctness
 Usability
 Efficiency
 Reliability
 Integrity
 Accuracy
 Robustness
 Internal Quality Characteristics
 Maintainability
 Flexibility
 Portability
 Re-usability
 Readability
 Testability
 Understandability
How Does it Translate to Day-to-Day Practices?
Source: Steve McConnell’s book – Code Complete

 External Quality
 Continuous integration
 End-to-end system tests
 Iteration demos with stakeholder feedback
 Internal Quality
 Unit testing
 Test Driven Development (TDD)
 Code Reviews
 Pair Programming
How Does it Translate to Day-to-Day Practices?

 One of the key principles of Lean Software Development – Build Quality In
 You can build quality product, but it is hard to add quality later.
 “Maintainability is not an afterthought, but should be addressed from the
start of the project” – Joost Viser in the book “Building Maintainable
Software”
 Automate the tests
“Build Quality In”
Automated
End-to-end
Tests
Automated
Integration
Tests
Automated
Unit Tests

 Continuous Feedback is Important
“Build Quality In”

Quality and The Test Pyramid
Source: Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests, by Steve Freeman, Nat Pryce

eXtreme Programming (XP) – to build Internal quality
Source: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/604417/Agile-software-development-methodologies-and-how-t
Kent Beck’s basic idea was
 Take observed effective team practices
 Push them to extreme level

XP Practices
Pair
Programming
The Planning
Game Small
Releases
Metaphor
Simple
Design
Testing
Refactoring
Collective
Ownership
Continuous
Integration
40 hour
week
On-Site
customer
Coding
Standards
XP
Practices
(Source: Extreme
Programming explained
– by Kent Beck)

Why XP?

Emergent Architecture
 Sprint Zero
 Architecture RunWay, Architecture Vision
Do the Simplest thing that possibly work

Architecture Runway
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/assocpm/agile-at-lockheed-martin-4th-february-2014

 Sprint Zero
 Architecture RunWay, Architecture Vision
 Architecture Runway --- “ilities”
 Scalability, Reliability, Extensibility, Security, Reusability,
Maintainability, Usability …
 Spikes
 When in doubt, Code or Model it out
Do the Simplest thing that possibly work

 “By deferring important architectural and design decisions until the last responsible
moment, you can prevent unnecessary complexity from undermining your software
projects” (Source: IBM Developerworks)
 Creating a flexible architecture, and taking care not to create an irreversible
decision
 As new concerns appear, the architecture is changed accordingly to handle the
new concerns
 Walking Skeleton (with Broad brush architecture )
 A tiny implementation of the system that performs a small end-to-end function.
 It need not use the final architecture, but it should link together the main architectural
components.
Definition Credit Alistair Cockburn
Emergent Architecture - Approaches

A Walking Skeleton for Embedded
Pic source: http://www.slideshare.net/tumma72/agile-embedded-software-development-whats-wrong-with-it

Unity - Unit Test Tool for C
TEST(sprintf, NoFormatOperations)
{
char output[5];
memset(output, 0xaa, sizeof(output));
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(3, sprintf(output, “hey”));
TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL_STRING(“hey”, output);
TEST_ASSERT_BYTES_EQUAL(0xaa, output[4]);
}
A sample Unity test code

Agile for Embedded & System Software Development : Presented by Priyank KS

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Agile for Embedded & System Software Development : Presented by Priyank KS